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Independent media is the hope.

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Tonight.

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I want to live in a community
that has a midwife and

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a cheese maker an issue maker and

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a beekeeper and I want that intergenerational
skill sharing to become common. So

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this is my job how do I invite you to grow
food how do I invite you to catch water

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how do I invite you to increase biodiversity
your own backyard and why is that

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important. This is peak moment.
We're living at the peak of

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human innovation information wealth
and health. But we're also at

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a peak of population in consumption
with rising temperatures and declining

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resources fueled by cheap or when you
get. Peak moment television bringing you

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examples of positive responses to energy
declining climate through local community

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action. I welcome to the big moment I'm
Jeanette Donaldson behind me is an

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edible plant nursery I'm on Port Townsend
in the Puget Sound area of Washington

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State and my guest is Jenny Pell who is
the founder of sitting at the founder and

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director of the wilder Institute which is
also permaculture now is that right you

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are

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a nonprofit permaculture Institute based in
port town that we work all over the world

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so how did you get into this line
of work it's actually kind of

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a an interesting route for me I had done
extensive studies and foreign service and

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when I finished college I went and planted
trees in British Columbia for four years

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and after my half million trees in the
ground. I took seven lines of work but that

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was the time I met my first permaculture
people more than twenty years ago and I've

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been influenced by permaculture for
years now and when I had finished

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a corporate business I ran for a while
I decide I want to dedicate my Create

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a profession full time why. Because
it's the most logical and practical and

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holistic approach to sustainable design
and real sustainable human community and

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you say community and design you didn't
just say food most people think perhaps of

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permaculture is how do we grow
food in a sensible way that's

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a fallacy percolator is really the five
different disciplines of permaculture those

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food water systems waste streams
natural building and forget the last

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one whatever but figure it out so you know
we'll come back to you so what they're

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really the really trying to be
sort of holistic in terms of what

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a permanent culture Yeah so the word
originally was coined in Australia thirty

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thirty five years ago and it's from
permanent agriculture put together and what

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they want over time is to have

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a permanent culture and so we explore ways
of how do we indigenous to place how do

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we belong where we live and critically in
the Western culture we're very transients

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you know we land somewhere and we don't
feel like we're from there that's right I

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don't know the right way why don't we
belong where we live was perma culture is

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perfect Pericles are probably response to
I mean lowering energy we talk about peak

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moment here being you know not only
peak oil and peak natural gas but

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a lot of other materials are peaking and
declining as well as our population is

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course highest We're in peak times in

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a number of ways yeah isn't perma
culture considered sort of

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a response to knowing this time would
be coming. BILL MOLLISON is the founder

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permaculture he lived in Tasmania
and when he was a young man he was

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a fisherman and was a carpenter
and had lots of skills as

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a botanist and he noticed in his lifetime
up to in his mid twenty's thirty's that

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the local natural resources were declining
rapidly as people had access to fossil

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fuels where they could ship
and extract and you know have

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a much more active mentality of their
resources and so we saw people go from very

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connected holistic skilled communities to
cutting out the forests and mining the

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stuff and fishing the waters and and saw
it just decline very quickly and so he

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started to develop the concepts of perma
culture in his own sort of visceral

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response to that so for you kind of how do
you frame the times we are in how do you

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think about and what we should be doing
and so on. In terms of the peak moments

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where you know where you guys come from you
know you don't measure things in terms

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of averages you measure things in
terms of extremes and so when there's

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a peak heat wave or

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a peak freezing time or and what I feel
personally is that we're approaching

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several peaks at once based on fossil fuel
use so we're coming into this you know

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peak population growth and this peak fossil
fuel use and this peak and viral mental

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disaster and peak extinction and peak losing
species in the ocean etc and so I feel

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like you know global warming we're about
to go again this huge oscillation way

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before you come out the
other side so there's

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a confluence of peaks happening at once
and in my county which is actually fairly

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progressive less than one percent of what
we eat is grown in our county less than

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one percent and in a
city it's a fraction of

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a percent probably. You know it's not
unusual I would expect even though you this

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is

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a rural county and you have not and you
land in water and you can grow here so most

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of our food travels two thousand miles to
get to our plates and that's really not

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sustainable it's not sustainable at all
and so we have to not just think in terms

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of organic we have to think in terms of
local and so local some of the local is the

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new sustainable the local you know is going
to is not enough I don't want that is

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quote good you know
staying right here is not

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a not good enough well we have to be
additive at this point yeah I was going to

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point that out right now I don't know
that we have enough to know if the fossil

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fuel inputs go down to be sustainable for
this level of population on the planet Oh

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I think I disagree I get there is plenty
of strategies to grow lots of food and

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have done it water systems if you're willing
to engage in the process and true do

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you think so in terms of also keeping our
forests for keeping our water you know

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and land sequestered Aha that's to say
absolutely I want my favorite statistics

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this year was that a garden is
four times more productive than

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a farm and very few people grow their own
food or catch the water off the roof or

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have

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a great water system from their kitchen you
know people say oh I don't have any water

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I can't do that yeah you know you have lots
of water you don't know how to drive it

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so you're looking at something that pan
tended right close to your house hence

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right you walk walk on over we get we
videotape somewhere it's Yet the yard yeah

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then a farm thing in industrial farm even

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a farm like this you know from like this
where you get your resources are spread

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out and you're doing you know crops for
market if you're in the habit of having

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a big kitchen garden that's designed
right you can have an enormous yield in

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a tiny piece of land that's exciting
to hear Oh yeah and they do

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a lot of stuff with vertical gardens
as well so if you even if you have

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a balcony you can be growing your own food
you know straight up and yes yes that's

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right way to think of it. So any other
thoughts about. The peak OK the peak that

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we're in and how do we how do we move
our so towards the additive that you're

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talking about well this is where permaculture
becomes really relevant in my opinion

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this is you know taking from DAVID
HALL Graham homegrown who's

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a co-founder permaculture has

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a great chart. That shows you know human
population up to eight hundred fifty

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expanded

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a little bit and then right at that sort
of moment where the industrial revolution

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happened and you know people started the
huge We went in the energy ascent culture

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guess what he calls it OK and that's

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a sort of what's happened on the planet
since eight hundred fifty where we went

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from one billion to six and

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a half billion you know it took us you
know tens of thousands of years to get to

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one billion and then you know in one hundred
fifty years we where we have six right

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and. I feel like we've actually passed peak
oil I think you know this peak I think

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we're already kind of into freefall

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a lot of people and so in the energy descent
culture what does that look like and

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in his Graffy talks a lot of
people think there's going to be

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a techno fix and if we go up again
and some people go to go down

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a little bit then the green fix will come
in and then it will level out there green

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as in what are you guys in like all the
regular you know you me and you know and

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then but also that'll bend

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a little all smooth OK and some of us
think that it's really going to be

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a real energy descent and that's where
it becomes really relevant permaculture

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because it is so solution oriented and it's
so logical and so practical and it's so

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make sense and in absolute pitch any level
that you can and you have to win it when

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you have no way to get your stuff from two
thousand miles away were local beach was

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critical. And I would ask not only does
it make sense does it work how does it

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work and that's I mean you've used this has
been on our you've been working Herman

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culture for what thirty years I'm going
to how long that I've been involved for

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about I mean how long is perma culture been
here to test out their meth the methods

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you have full generation and more so that
we're now moving into the next generation

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of permaculture with

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a lot of expansive concepts coming in right
now and it is going to be marrying of

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indigenous knowledge with the
best of modern sciences in

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a very holistic approach OK So we'll
take the best of my own organic farming

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methods and look at how did you miss tribes
manage their systems and one thing I

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talk about

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a lot in my courses is becoming incarnate
in the place that you live what does that

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mean you know if you live
in apartment building in

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a city you don't even touch the ground
right right and you don't know where your

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water comes from and where you want to
come you know where food comes from right

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and you know which goes and you know
you know all those Yeah so you're just

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disconnected you know your
whole chain and you don't have

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a relationship with your water or with
your food or with you know often your

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neighbors that's true even if you really
want to say I laded in any way isolated so

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when you work outdoors or live outdoors and
your hair comes out your nails fall off

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and you know and those things are eaten by
the microbes in the soil and you become

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part of that place and if you eat the food
from there that place becomes part of

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you yes and that and then in that sort of
observation participation loop you start

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to belong where you are and when
you're in a city or when you're in

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a place where you don't have any of those
relationships and you don't feel like you

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belong there so you can destroyed or
damaged it and you know and you don't even

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know you're not aware of that when you don't
really care about it you really don't

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care you know it's not doesn't occur to
you that to the love you have for your

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whole family not just human family is
it's not intact in your. Well we've had

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a huge huge well in the since that
time of the industrial revolution

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a huge load of the disconnections made
possible because we can transport ourselves

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much farther we go away from the stuff
we want to avoid We can pretend it's not

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there you know the landfill it gets barged
over to China and so on and the skills

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that we've lost in the last few
generations are tremendous I just did

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a workshop and I asked my audience we had
thirty five countries represented and

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fairly large audience and I said how many
people here grow their own food I was one

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and there are two or three other people in
an audience of seven hundred and I said

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how many people's grandmothers grew food
more than half the audience but I had like

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I said that's

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a lot of skills to lose in two generations
your right your and the elders aren't

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passing information on because you're not
interested yes you are and you're all

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that people expect when you're up or people
young people leave this you know the

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towns they want to go to city what's
interesting and of these you know beautiful

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towns are popular with very old people and
nobody to pass just goes on to and and

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that's

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a loss because they've got generations of
knowledge of why you plant this here and

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this is the variety that works here and
you know you see all of those that are

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getting it yeah and I my concern
is that that loss of that's

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a loss of knowledge that will only be won
back by more trial and error and we could

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have saved

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a lot of waste it's the same with you or
did you miss last you know every every

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Indigenous person we lose is

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a body of lore that we don't have any more
particular when the languages are gone

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because the language of interest and be
able to are language of the brand and of

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the water and drought and famine and you
know it's included in their vocabulary as

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people who are indigenous So are you
doing things did anything to help. You.

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Sequester get that knowledge from indigenous
places or from there so why do people

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go yeah that's a good question

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a lot of people the Permaculture movement
are very involved with indigenous

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information going and relationship and.
In one of the things I do for example in

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Central America we have several plant
nursery projects down there and one of my

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jobs periodically is to run around the
by region and look for the best phonetic

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material OK so I go to private
collections and I got

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a bit tentacle gardens and
I go to the market in L.

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You know meet some Indigenous family and
they'll have the most delicious food ever

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had and I'll go within the dugout canoe
up to their village and I'll glean seeds

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and I'll get you know cuttings and then I
get them across borders and put them in

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our nurseries so we're spreading these
really excellent genetics that are from that

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by region around the by region I will say
to stay within that by region probably

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because that's where the last best work the
best Yeah well actually you know almost

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you want to trial

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a lot of places because you might be surprised
that so I think you yeah yeah and I

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like this is a challenging question for me

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a lot of people when I present want to
know are and I are not concerned about

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introducing exotics and like you're the
invasion and you know what do you have the

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next question is What do you have for
breakfast Oh I had wheat cereal and I had

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cow's milk and I had peaches and I had and
the list all these things right none of

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them are from where they live
and if I was going to eat

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a local diet I would eat salmon and berries
and deer Yes And I think some roots and

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yes H.L.

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Fish that's true all of those things came
over here unless you were say from the

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southwest in in America or the middle Latin
America and you'd be eating corn and

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beans and squash but even so many many of
their products now yes some other place

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Yes Yes And so with my planners from here
which is all edible pretty else which

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means that they grow year after year I'm
getting larger harvest and here. Is to

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look all over the world for the best and
most delicious and most disease resistant

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and most Frost resistant. Plants that are
appropriate for humans to eat. Excellent

213
00:15:17,43 --> 00:15:21,37
in a sense you're doing
your collections are also

214
00:15:21,38 --> 00:15:25,90
a kind of savings bank and investment bank
for us about the genetic material and

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00:15:25,91 --> 00:15:32,58
this is you know one of our mottos is you
know more food here now so our food here

216
00:15:32,62 --> 00:15:37,35
now so that it's not just one percent in
our locale not even five or ten and the

217
00:15:37,36 --> 00:15:41,58
skills around it start the body to the
population what kinds of things do you teach

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00:15:41,59 --> 00:15:45,98
then this is around all this tomorrow I'm
doing a grafting class grafting OK for

219
00:15:45,99 --> 00:15:49,56
a treatise on trees and now that we're doing
as well mostly from trees All right so

220
00:15:49,57 --> 00:15:53,71
a lot of people don't know this most fruits
that you eat don't grow true to seed so

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if you had

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00:15:54,00 --> 00:15:57,89
a really delicious apple and you took
those seeds and planted them none of them

223
00:15:57,90 --> 00:16:01,02
would taste remotely like what you just
ate they'd probably be really tiny sour

224
00:16:01,19 --> 00:16:07,45
apples so almost any variety that you've
ever eaten came from one original tree

225
00:16:07,58 --> 00:16:11,75
that someone notices really delicious and
they grafted that So apples pears beeches

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00:16:11,76 --> 00:16:16,45
plums nectarines all citrus tree
avocados mangoes right and it's

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00:16:16,46 --> 00:16:20,58
a skill that many thousands of years ago
developed in different parts of the globe

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00:16:20,98 --> 00:16:27,42
on finance to the other groups so grafting
I did last month we do one workshop

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00:16:27,43 --> 00:16:31,87
a month here in Port Townsend When when I'm
in the country. Last time we did fund.

230
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You know much more checking we had
twenty five people come we talked about

231
00:16:36,79 --> 00:16:40,49
mushrooms in your garden what they do in
my ceiling and the incredible network of

232
00:16:40,50 --> 00:16:45,40
mycelium underground and the intelligence
of mushroom Yes the network underground

233
00:16:45,44 --> 00:16:49,37
Yeah it turns out that mushrooms share
information to this vast chemical network

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and they feed from the like there's So you
know there they go in the roots and they

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surround the root cause and then when the
trees photosynthesize the sugars feed the

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mushrooms and the sugars can actually read
the health of the mushrooms can actually

237
00:17:02,58 --> 00:17:05,78
read the health of the ounce and so one
plant needs something they can pull those

238
00:17:05,79 --> 00:17:08,64
chemicals from somewhere else guys are so
much wisdom that we probably haven't the

239
00:17:08,65 --> 00:17:12,43
faintest I mean like that they just idea
about and so you know when you can promote

240
00:17:12,54 --> 00:17:15,99
a really healthy fundal system
in your garden you will have

241
00:17:16,00 --> 00:17:20,51
a much much more prosperous garden so in
the fund you workshop we did you know

242
00:17:20,63 --> 00:17:21,60
kings to Faria which is

243
00:17:21,61 --> 00:17:26,68
a garden giant the mushroom is about this
of ten people for dinner well and we did

244
00:17:27,53 --> 00:17:32,81
particular mycelium then we did lion's mane
and talkies and did we talked about how

245
00:17:32,82 --> 00:17:37,51
to do seven or eight different kinds of
mushrooms so I'm going to sort of step

246
00:17:37,52 --> 00:17:38,01
sideways for

247
00:17:38,02 --> 00:17:41,66
a second because this is still local I
understand that you're interested in or

248
00:17:41,67 --> 00:17:42,24
started work on

249
00:17:42,25 --> 00:17:46,35
a gleaning project here locally Yeah
actually doing is really common interest for

250
00:17:46,36 --> 00:17:50,32
many years and now I have an opportunity
to do some work on it in many countries in

251
00:17:50,33 --> 00:17:54,84
Europe in particular they have cleaning
laws and cleaning right ha so after the

252
00:17:54,88 --> 00:18:00,79
farmer has finished their harvest by law
you can go in and take what's left really

253
00:18:00,83 --> 00:18:01,10
following

254
00:18:01,11 --> 00:18:05,38
a certain etiquette OK OK so even to the
point of you know very unlike the United

255
00:18:05,39 --> 00:18:07,59
States where when there's a bounty of

256
00:18:07,60 --> 00:18:11,54
a crop they decide to mountains and rots
right and I mean which is really just I

257
00:18:11,55 --> 00:18:15,36
mean dressing to I'm with you I just like
I live in ph country and nectarines you

258
00:18:15,37 --> 00:18:19,11
know just down the slopes here it's like
I know that they are not allowed to sell

259
00:18:19,12 --> 00:18:23,46
even a second even to give away but
it's not like this is criminal so it's

260
00:18:23,47 --> 00:18:25,71
a there's one in France where
they I've seen there's

261
00:18:25,72 --> 00:18:30,16
a great documentary on graining in France
and the potato company after they've

262
00:18:30,17 --> 00:18:33,40
taken the potatoes or this because only
ones they want to. They have mountains of

263
00:18:33,41 --> 00:18:37,69
potatoes outside and people drive in the
cars and fill up sacks but even the grape

264
00:18:37,70 --> 00:18:40,96
harvest so they take through and whatever's
left you can just go and you can

265
00:18:40,97 --> 00:18:46,10
actually sometimes go fifty feet behind
and follow them down oh wow well so they

266
00:18:46,11 --> 00:18:49,41
allow you people into the fields to sometimes
they're going to depend on the farm

267
00:18:49,42 --> 00:18:52,62
and then other times have to wait until
that they're really done obvious to me but

268
00:18:52,63 --> 00:18:55,41
you can do it with we can you can with
fruit you can do with knots and you can do

269
00:18:55,42 --> 00:18:57,59
it it's a lot it's an old old practice is

270
00:18:57,60 --> 00:19:00,35
a range of practice and
it's actually there's

271
00:19:00,36 --> 00:19:03,69
a halls with lot of gleaning information
in the Bible for people who are Christian

272
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and where you know

273
00:19:04,31 --> 00:19:09,12
a whole room screening the Barly with.
Others So this is there even here like we're

274
00:19:09,13 --> 00:19:09,55
sitting behind

275
00:19:09,56 --> 00:19:13,43
a raspberry patch they're done with the
harvest really at this I mean we just had

276
00:19:13,44 --> 00:19:18,23
a few Yes we glean some Rosevear I could
probably make ten jars of jam easily I

277
00:19:18,24 --> 00:19:20,59
believe that yeah so what can be done in

278
00:19:20,60 --> 00:19:24,35
a local look at people doing to look out
OK about the first thing you want to do is

279
00:19:24,36 --> 00:19:29,38
map what you've got the border towns in
Fortunately for us thank you very much for

280
00:19:29,49 --> 00:19:33,21
people who planted those fruit juice twenty
fifty years ago here we have cherries

281
00:19:33,22 --> 00:19:36,78
and apples and plums and pears and also
going around town and you can actually just

282
00:19:36,79 --> 00:19:40,53
go up to the person's house knock on door
and say I see that your pear tree is full

283
00:19:40,54 --> 00:19:43,37
of pears and really ripe and I'd like to
harvest some can I have or some for you at

284
00:19:43,38 --> 00:19:47,31
the same time or I'll bring you back some
jam and most people don't want to bother

285
00:19:47,32 --> 00:19:49,71
with their pears and so
there's this one you can have

286
00:19:49,72 --> 00:19:53,64
a direct contact with the person
I was in I'm going to be copping

287
00:19:53,65 --> 00:19:57,75
a program from Victoria Canada it's called
the fruit tree project and people who

288
00:19:57,76 --> 00:20:01,28
have fruit trees if they're not going to
harvest will call up the nonprofit office

289
00:20:01,29 --> 00:20:05,09
and say I have an apple tree and I would
love for you to come get it and they have

290
00:20:05,10 --> 00:20:10,46
volunteers that go and volunteers
can take home harvest they give

291
00:20:10,47 --> 00:20:13,75
a certain percent to the food bank OK they'll
leave some for the owner if they want

292
00:20:13,76 --> 00:20:15,09
it yes and then there's

293
00:20:15,10 --> 00:20:19,05
a certain percentage they make good use and
sell for profit to support so that many

294
00:20:19,06 --> 00:20:22,69
people are benefiting from
this one yeah so I think

295
00:20:22,70 --> 00:20:27,10
a lot of people don't realize that there's
an enormous abundance right in there in

296
00:20:27,11 --> 00:20:31,38
their neighborhoods Yeah
and and it's fun now did

297
00:20:31,39 --> 00:20:33,74
a good question practical. Because
I want to start this and get

298
00:20:33,75 --> 00:20:37,69
a start in our community to the cleaners
bring their fruit ladders Yes and their

299
00:20:37,70 --> 00:20:41,25
whatever to do you know to pick and do they
get involved with any of the pruning or

300
00:20:41,26 --> 00:20:43,75
do they offer that service if
we if desired I'll put it in

301
00:20:43,76 --> 00:20:46,19
a different time of year
yeah I think that's

302
00:20:46,20 --> 00:20:48,74
a good question I don't I really
thought about that there would be

303
00:20:48,75 --> 00:20:52,41
a great service to offer it's
a skill of course and it's

304
00:20:52,42 --> 00:20:56,24
a different time of year sure it just
occurred to me that that might be the another

305
00:20:56,25 --> 00:20:57,96
part of the exchange it would be

306
00:20:57,97 --> 00:21:02,11
a really great one to do because it would
start to really get a skill landed in

307
00:21:02,12 --> 00:21:04,91
a community and we were all and I guess

308
00:21:04,92 --> 00:21:09,28
a sense of we are taking care of these
trees you know we Yeah OK I'm going to

309
00:21:09,38 --> 00:21:12,72
bounce back because I thank you because
you've just come back from Portugal and I'm

310
00:21:12,73 --> 00:21:16,11
interested to know what you're doing
internationally you and you said Interesting

311
00:21:16,12 --> 00:21:19,08
stuff this was a really unique
contract I was hired to go to

312
00:21:19,12 --> 00:21:25,97
a music transfer Estival music transfer so
OK twenty twenty five thousand people in

313
00:21:26,91 --> 00:21:32,40
central interior Portugal. Because the
festival decided after they do it every

314
00:21:32,41 --> 00:21:36,33
other year and that after the last one they
sort of look at them in that momentous

315
00:21:36,34 --> 00:21:41,48
amount of garbage they created and said
we can't do this anymore so they made

316
00:21:41,49 --> 00:21:43,59
a firm decision to move the festival into

317
00:21:43,60 --> 00:21:49,27
a. Sustainable direction so I was one
of their featured speakers and they had

318
00:21:49,28 --> 00:21:52,71
a few of the Permaculture
people there and it was

319
00:21:52,72 --> 00:21:58,97
a really challenging. There's so far behind
the curve in terms of sustainability

320
00:21:59,01 --> 00:22:04,95
that our stuff was was stunning to people
really so I was hired to go in I was

321
00:22:04,96 --> 00:22:08,66
there three weeks and I did a huge
permaculture garden solution I had staff and

322
00:22:08,67 --> 00:22:14,22
a budget and the whole thing and then
seventy Balinese men came in to build these

323
00:22:14,23 --> 00:22:15,23
bamboo structures and we had

324
00:22:15,24 --> 00:22:19,07
a almost one hundred foot one hundred
foot bamboo structure that was stunningly

325
00:22:19,08 --> 00:22:23,38
beautiful that I designed all the gardens
for associated with an art gallery and

326
00:22:23,39 --> 00:22:27,29
then we did workshops and presentations
and films twenty four hours

327
00:22:27,30 --> 00:22:33,30
a day wow wow and. It was really hard
to see that they didn't have any free

328
00:22:33,31 --> 00:22:38,47
drinking water they only sold water and
bottle offices and so for staff we get

329
00:22:38,48 --> 00:22:38,80
a leader and

330
00:22:38,81 --> 00:22:44,20
a half bottles and for people who are
drinking and partying and dancing and it's

331
00:22:44,21 --> 00:22:45,38
one hundred five degrees in

332
00:22:45,39 --> 00:22:49,62
a heat wave they would only sell more the
bottles of water and so the amount of

333
00:22:49,63 --> 00:22:52,87
garbage that the out of plastic covers
they generated in six days while we were

334
00:22:52,88 --> 00:22:56,97
there I was there for for longer and the
staff is there for much longer it was

335
00:22:56,98 --> 00:23:02,01
shocking it was just shocking and so that
was the kind of stuff where Post festival

336
00:23:02,02 --> 00:23:04,71
we're going to meet with them and offer
them solutions to move forward from here

337
00:23:04,72 --> 00:23:07,82
like how did how did they do how they how
to do that differently because you just

338
00:23:07,83 --> 00:23:12,17
don't need all those yes and I think I had
romanticized your present degree I was

339
00:23:12,18 --> 00:23:15,94
expecting them to be more enlightened
because they don't have genetically

340
00:23:15,95 --> 00:23:19,01
engineered products on their shelves you
know like you know their head about what

341
00:23:19,02 --> 00:23:22,75
about yours right and I it was an interesting
metaphor for me because people you

342
00:23:22,76 --> 00:23:24,19
know everyone smoking
two packs of cigarettes

343
00:23:24,20 --> 00:23:30,05
a day wow and the label says smoking kills
and it's this huge label or smoking

344
00:23:30,06 --> 00:23:30,40
causes

345
00:23:30,41 --> 00:23:33,50
a slow and painful death and they're just
mocking smoking smoking smoking and I

346
00:23:33,51 --> 00:23:36,48
thought this is an interesting metaphor
for what we do to the planet and we know

347
00:23:36,49 --> 00:23:40,12
we're damaging the planet we know these
choices lead us down this path and we still

348
00:23:40,13 --> 00:23:43,50
do it knowing what the consequences are
why we do that and I'm this is the my

349
00:23:43,51 --> 00:23:47,41
challenge like how do I answer that question
and how do I invite people like that

350
00:23:47,45 --> 00:23:50,76
into this process how do I don't
how do I not challenge them in

351
00:23:50,77 --> 00:23:54,53
a way that I feel bad so you don't blame
them and you don't but yes you do because

352
00:23:54,54 --> 00:23:59,33
it's got to be it's not going to be adversarial
or there you know but turn off you

353
00:23:59,34 --> 00:23:59,70
know and this is

354
00:23:59,70 --> 00:24:05,08
a challenge for me because to be to not
be judged mentally when you're feeling

355
00:24:05,09 --> 00:24:09,84
really judge well what are you doing and
instead and instead make it an invitation

356
00:24:10,02 --> 00:24:13,77
and I think one of the fallacies that
people get stuck on is that when they hear

357
00:24:13,77 --> 00:24:17,16
the word sustainable they think oh I got
to give up all the stuff Yes I think that

358
00:24:17,18 --> 00:24:18,77
notion of deprivation is

359
00:24:18,79 --> 00:24:21,91
a biggie it's Laotians operation and
what they don't realize it's sustainable

360
00:24:21,91 --> 00:24:26,82
actually means abundance and not sustainable
means utter poverty for the planet and

361
00:24:26,83 --> 00:24:33,00
for our human family. And eventually you
know if we continue on that the path lots

362
00:24:33,01 --> 00:24:35,30
on the planet won't be here yeah that's

363
00:24:35,31 --> 00:24:39,67
a great deeply non-sustainable if we keep
going the way that we're going we might

364
00:24:39,71 --> 00:24:45,80
just get where we're headed you know
which is. Which is everything out fish

365
00:24:45,81 --> 00:24:50,67
and yeah and so Also while I was in
Portugal sort of you know processing this

366
00:24:51,56 --> 00:24:55,99
twenty thousand people just being oblivious
to the most for the most part really

367
00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:58,92
impressed with our percent off you know
really really moved at what I was doing

368
00:24:58,93 --> 00:25:04,35
that was good have a Portugal is on fire
there was a fifth hottest summer in

369
00:25:04,36 --> 00:25:09,52
a row on record there was reports of the
ocean temperatures all down the Portuguese

370
00:25:09,53 --> 00:25:13,05
seaboard were going up in real life is dying
off and then all the crops of northern

371
00:25:13,06 --> 00:25:14,18
Italy died in

372
00:25:14,19 --> 00:25:18,33
a drought Syria is just now this is so
here we are we're watching we're watching

373
00:25:18,52 --> 00:25:24,18
the climate crisis yes in its face I mean
heating up much more quickly I mean while

374
00:25:24,19 --> 00:25:27,50
you were gone probably when the Inconvenient
Truth came out from Al Gore it's

375
00:25:27,51 --> 00:25:33,30
around now I was saying folks Yeah and
so that was for me was an interesting

376
00:25:33,50 --> 00:25:40,14
juxtaposition of young people who do know
better who are choosing this and evidence

377
00:25:40,15 --> 00:25:44,48
all around me of you know global warming
and peak oil and the war in Israel and

378
00:25:44,52 --> 00:25:50,11
Lebanon and Iran and Iraq in the highest
number of casualties and yes and people

379
00:25:50,44 --> 00:25:55,64
going to a festival to become relatively
oblivious you know and in a more in

380
00:25:55,65 --> 00:25:59,98
a way it was so I'm still sort of thinking
about what that means and how do I work

381
00:25:59,99 --> 00:26:06,30
with that so that question you're wrestling
with this what keeps you it's like what

382
00:26:06,31 --> 00:26:11,42
can keep you motivated inspired both how
to how to respond to people who need to be

383
00:26:11,43 --> 00:26:16,81
awakened you hope will be awakened. Yeah
well how do you you know how do you what

384
00:26:16,82 --> 00:26:19,89
do you see I mean I'm not saying you have
the answer yet I see that you're on that

385
00:26:19,90 --> 00:26:22,29
you're looking for that yeah well I have

386
00:26:22,30 --> 00:26:24,69
a lot of teachers you know one
of the group has influenced me

387
00:26:24,70 --> 00:26:28,90
a lot is the Bioneers the miners network
I've been involved with them for many many

388
00:26:28,91 --> 00:26:33,11
years and I learn a lot every
time I go there and I feel like

389
00:26:33,12 --> 00:26:36,82
a sponge I go there and just get filled up
and I can sort of dream of that all year

390
00:26:36,83 --> 00:26:39,90
long. But I think you know for

391
00:26:39,91 --> 00:26:43,25
a lot of people they think it's it's all
concrete stuff over planet Gardner If I

392
00:26:43,26 --> 00:26:46,91
could build a water system or five
a solar panel right. But it has

393
00:26:46,92 --> 00:26:50,82
a lot more to do with the energy that you're
giving off and pointed towards you you

394
00:26:50,83 --> 00:26:55,96
know you can choose to be angry and you
can choose to be have no hope and you can

395
00:26:55,97 --> 00:26:59,93
choose to just say well obviously the
species is doomed so I'm just going to do

396
00:26:59,94 --> 00:27:03,76
whatever I want that's right but we're going
to also pull to you grace and joy and

397
00:27:03,77 --> 00:27:06,64
beauty and realize that
participating in that creates

398
00:27:06,65 --> 00:27:10,10
a different resonance with you with your
environment with your community with your

399
00:27:10,11 --> 00:27:16,50
family and with our greater family of can
and I think many people now are starting

400
00:27:16,51 --> 00:27:21,16
to understand that yes we're related to
everything you know all co-evolved together

401
00:27:21,17 --> 00:27:25,59
yes yes what people aren't getting which
I really think is important is that you

402
00:27:25,60 --> 00:27:28,02
can have a relationship with
everything and you can have

403
00:27:28,03 --> 00:27:32,72
a very deep relationship with things if you
choose if you sit and observe an insect

404
00:27:32,73 --> 00:27:34,86
in a flower you know have

405
00:27:34,87 --> 00:27:38,97
a relationship that that they there you
know they know that you're there you know

406
00:27:38,98 --> 00:27:42,91
sure we don't think about that we had to
have this sort of answers you know I'm

407
00:27:42,92 --> 00:27:47,32
sort of the universe kind of mentality
to not sense that but I was Barry's are

408
00:27:47,33 --> 00:27:50,28
listening to us they know we're
here you know here at least we have

409
00:27:50,29 --> 00:27:53,46
a presence and that's that part of
belonging where you are as it is having

410
00:27:53,47 --> 00:27:55,80
a presence and those in them
and that's the first I think

411
00:27:55,81 --> 00:28:01,37
a perma culture is to care for the earth
can you can you and your everyday

412
00:28:01,38 --> 00:28:05,57
decisions not hurt the planet and if
you're going to drink coffee is it organic

413
00:28:05,58 --> 00:28:09,41
because it's not it's full of chemicals
in the soils put in the people working in

414
00:28:09,42 --> 00:28:14,07
our polluted in the chain of chemicals
it goes up the great Is it fair trade

415
00:28:14,08 --> 00:28:18,86
because it is not they're getting paid in
rice. And they don't make waves they can

416
00:28:18,87 --> 00:28:21,81
barely feed their families that are really
still alive right and if it's not shade

417
00:28:21,82 --> 00:28:25,72
grown it's baking under the hot sun of
the cut on all the trees and if you're

418
00:28:25,73 --> 00:28:29,82
buying it in a cup with a plastic lid that's
a petrochemical product you know it's

419
00:28:29,83 --> 00:28:33,40
a right you know right in you know in
the white paper cup so it has dioxin in

420
00:28:33,41 --> 00:28:37,44
because they are really good which is that
you know all down the Mississippi Yeah

421
00:28:37,73 --> 00:28:38,23
you know it is

422
00:28:38,24 --> 00:28:43,48
a simple as that take your own cup buy
organic buy fair trade because if you're not

423
00:28:43,54 --> 00:28:47,08
using that you're choosing the other thing
you're directly contributing to that

424
00:28:47,12 --> 00:28:48,19
every dollar you spend is

425
00:28:48,20 --> 00:28:53,68
a vote for that future for that future.
This is amazing this is amazing thank you

426
00:28:53,94 --> 00:28:59,87
this is thank you for joining me you're
watching Pink moment community responses

427
00:28:59,88 --> 00:29:00,08
for

428
00:29:00,09 --> 00:30:19,79
a changing energy future I'm John
Adams trying to think of. The

429
00:30:19,79 --> 00:30:26,30
Nobel Peace for odd This
was explained by an

430
00:30:26,31 --> 00:30:30,69
editorial in a major newspaper claiming
that the Nobel Committee has hit a new low

431
00:30:32,09 --> 00:30:33,72
a tarnished prize States

432
00:30:33,73 --> 00:30:39,48
a West Coast newspaper The Nobel Committee
BLEW IT IS headlines headlined in many

433
00:30:39,49 --> 00:30:42,91
newspapers a leader of a
foreign country asked

434
00:30:42,92 --> 00:30:49,82
a Nobel committee to rescind the prize for
these reactions today announcements of

435
00:30:49,83 --> 00:30:55,68
this year's Nobel Peace Prize. Well we have
heard some of these reactions but these

436
00:30:55,69 --> 00:31:00,63
are actually these are actually reactions
from one thousand nine hundred five when

437
00:31:00,64 --> 00:31:04,87
the International Physicians for the
Prevention of nuclear war of which P.S.R.

438
00:31:04,88 --> 00:31:10,20
Is the United States affiliate was selected
for the Peace Prize history does repeat

439
00:31:10,21 --> 00:31:15,95
itself according to historian Lawrence
Whitner author of confronting the bomb A

440
00:31:15,96 --> 00:31:21,45
Short History of the world nuclear disarmament
movement the choice of I.P.P. N.W.

441
00:31:21,65 --> 00:31:23,10
In one thousand nine hundred five brought

442
00:31:23,11 --> 00:31:29,03
a storm of protests from conservative parties
and from portions of the media Soviet

443
00:31:29,03 --> 00:31:34,50
doctors including Dr Hugh Gaffney Chazz
off was accused of being an agent of the

444
00:31:34,51 --> 00:31:37,96
Kremlin and Western
doctors including P.S.R.

445
00:31:37,96 --> 00:31:40,96
Close founder Dr Bernard lone was called

446
00:31:41,15 --> 00:31:47,94
a hopeless dupe it was the last three Journal
that called the award the Nobel Peace

447
00:31:47,95 --> 00:31:52,97
fraud and West German Chancellor Helmut
Kohl appealed to the committee to resend

448
00:31:52,98 --> 00:31:57,23
the prize I.P.P. N.W.

449
00:31:57,27 --> 00:32:01,49
Persevered however and made significant
contributions to subsequent disarmament

450
00:32:01,50 --> 00:32:08,16
treaty signed by the major
powers let's fast forward to two

451
00:32:08,17 --> 00:32:11,92
thousand and nine we now have

452
00:32:11,93 --> 00:32:16,63
a president who values international
diplomacy and cooperation between peoples

453
00:32:17,83 --> 00:32:20,41
These are reasons why Brock
Obama was chosen to be to

454
00:32:20,42 --> 00:32:26,76
a recipient of this year's Nobel Peace Prize
while there are legitimate criticisms

455
00:32:26,81 --> 00:32:32,44
of the award including President Obama's
short time in office and his escalation of

456
00:32:32,45 --> 00:32:38,38
the war in Afghanistan the amount of
personal ready kewl and vitriol has been

457
00:32:38,39 --> 00:32:45,28
relentless now that we have a
president that supports key P.S.R.

458
00:32:45,29 --> 00:32:50,62
Goals that mean our work is done
let's face it George Bush was

459
00:32:50,63 --> 00:32:54,82
a major reason why our chapter restarted
and why many activist groups have

460
00:32:54,83 --> 00:33:01,05
flourished during the past eight years. I
would like to make the case that P.S.R.

461
00:33:01,06 --> 00:33:06,86
Continues to be relevant for the following
reasons First as we will soon hear from

462
00:33:06,87 --> 00:33:12,31
our keynote speaker the upcoming Copenhagen
meetings may be the last best chance to

463
00:33:12,32 --> 00:33:17,39
reverse the effects of global warming
before it is too late this is an urgent

464
00:33:17,40 --> 00:33:21,79
matter for the survival of
our planet peace our has

465
00:33:21,80 --> 00:33:25,95
a unique role in pointing out the medical
and public health consequences of climate

466
00:33:25,96 --> 00:33:30,20
change and the devastating results
of comprehensive action is not taken

467
00:33:32,99 --> 00:33:35,100
Barbara Hopkins. P.S.R.

468
00:33:36,01 --> 00:33:36,37
And un

469
00:33:36,39 --> 00:33:41,55
a member kindly has loaned us their three
fifty banner which you can see to my left

470
00:33:41,84 --> 00:33:45,82
which highlights the need to reduce carbon
dioxide levels to below three hundred

471
00:33:45,83 --> 00:33:51,68
fifty parts per million and we're currently
at around three ninety so any treaty

472
00:33:51,69 --> 00:33:56,76
really needs to be aggressiveness to
lower C O two levels down to three fifty

473
00:33:57,03 --> 00:34:00,78
Secondly while it was wonderful that
President Obama has set the goal of

474
00:34:00,80 --> 00:34:05,84
a nuclear free world we need to push for
further reductions in the nuclear arsenals

475
00:34:05,85 --> 00:34:08,09
of Russia and the United States through

476
00:34:08,11 --> 00:34:13,94
a new START treaty we need the Senate to
fully wrap to finally and first we ratify

477
00:34:13,96 --> 00:34:19,05
the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty we need
to ministration to stop any plans to

478
00:34:19,06 --> 00:34:25,09
build new nuclear warheads and we need
the upcoming nuclear posture review to

479
00:34:25,10 --> 00:34:31,41
reconsider the role of nuclear weapons in
our military arsenal and to repudiate its

480
00:34:31,42 --> 00:34:38,41
first strike use Third we need to speak
out during the current debate on

481
00:34:38,42 --> 00:34:45,21
health care reform we need to inform the
public in Congress that sixty three sixty

482
00:34:45,22 --> 00:34:47,83
three percent of physicians
now support having

483
00:34:47,84 --> 00:34:50,100
a private and public option and that

484
00:34:51,01 --> 00:34:54,43
a growing number of doctors about
half and some studies support

485
00:34:54,44 --> 00:35:00,69
a single payer health
insurance system fourth worse

486
00:35:00,82 --> 00:35:05,52
continue in Iraq and Afghanistan. P.S.

487
00:35:05,53 --> 00:35:07,06
Star's smart policy

488
00:35:07,74 --> 00:35:14,68
a sensible multilateral American response
to terrorism is needed now more than

489
00:35:14,69 --> 00:35:20,33
ever this policy emphasizes
multilateral diplomacy it rejects

490
00:35:20,34 --> 00:35:26,11
a military stick response to terrorism it
uses police and legal structures in any

491
00:35:26,43 --> 00:35:30,25
increases funding for humanitarian
programs which attempt to address the root

492
00:35:30,26 --> 00:35:37,19
causes of instability and terrorism
in conclusion I would like to

493
00:35:37,20 --> 00:35:39,27
quote from a recent national P.S.R.

494
00:35:39,27 --> 00:35:45,83
Press release as they did twenty
four years ago when they awarded

495
00:35:45,84 --> 00:35:49,55
a group of physicians to know about Peace
Prize for their work to stop the nuclear

496
00:35:49,56 --> 00:35:54,81
arms race the Nobel Committee has once again
used their power to leverage action on

497
00:35:54,82 --> 00:36:01,41
nuclear disarmament in attaching special
importance to Obama's vision of and work

498
00:36:01,42 --> 00:36:01,69
for

499
00:36:01,70 --> 00:36:06,89
a world without nuclear weapons don't know
about Committee understands the significance

500
00:36:06,90 --> 00:36:13,77
of the transformational change that
is necessary I want to thank you for

501
00:36:13,78 --> 00:36:17,88
joining us on this journey of change
and look forward to our continued work

502
00:36:17,89 --> 00:36:24,88
together thanks to night we

503
00:36:24,89 --> 00:36:29,56
are honoring Peterson remember Leon laughs
and now has been an activist for his

504
00:36:29,57 --> 00:36:34,30
entire life and as India himself Try going
to zation through his integrity into

505
00:36:34,31 --> 00:36:39,45
lacked and enthusiasm this is what was
written about him in two thousand and five

506
00:36:39,46 --> 00:36:43,31
by Anthony Robertson Sacramento will
be staff writer on the occasion of his

507
00:36:43,32 --> 00:36:48,29
ninetieth birthday the ninth of ten children
left sing grew up in Brooklyn the son

508
00:36:48,30 --> 00:36:50,48
of Russian Jews who excuse persecution

509
00:36:50,87 --> 00:36:56,84
a century ago he studied literature at City
College in New York when there were no

510
00:36:56,85 --> 00:36:59,75
jobs for high school teachers at the
height of the depression he became

511
00:36:59,76 --> 00:37:03,81
a substitute clerk at the post
office he later worked as

512
00:37:03,82 --> 00:37:08,64
a research assistant for Philip Filner
the acclaimed chronicler of the US labor

513
00:37:08,65 --> 00:37:14,44
movement who wrote and edited dozens of
books. Along the way here are two master's

514
00:37:14,45 --> 00:37:15,51
degrees one

515
00:37:15,52 --> 00:37:20,99
a teaching and the other in social work
ministration he married at twenty one but

516
00:37:21,00 --> 00:37:25,65
divorced twelve years later he later
wed his second wife Emmy and enjoyed

517
00:37:25,66 --> 00:37:30,30
a long and successful marriage moving
to Germany in one thousand nine hundred

518
00:37:30,31 --> 00:37:31,44
eighty eight when left and took

519
00:37:31,45 --> 00:37:38,28
a job with the United Nations international
refugee organization while there they

520
00:37:38,29 --> 00:37:39,59
met an eight year old boy at

521
00:37:39,60 --> 00:37:46,52
a village for orphans of the Holocaust
they soon adopted him Bernard laughs and

522
00:37:46,85 --> 00:37:51,51
now sixty two and that's at the time of
this article lives in Southern California

523
00:37:53,13 --> 00:37:58,60
as we have seen grown during his activism
grew more focused and forceful he

524
00:37:58,61 --> 00:38:05,10
embraced groups concerned with social justice
peace human rights and democracy now

525
00:38:05,11 --> 00:38:11,89
I wonder who lives alone left and
continues to protest write letters to

526
00:38:11,90 --> 00:38:17,22
rage against the power elite he knows his
life is going short that all those aches

527
00:38:17,23 --> 00:38:22,74
and pains mean the clock is ticking the
system he insists is broken will surely

528
00:38:22,75 --> 00:38:26,87
outlast him quote what
I have done reflects

529
00:38:26,88 --> 00:38:32,46
a lifelong commitment that will not end
until I am no longer unquote he says

530
00:38:34,62 --> 00:38:35,14
we offer

531
00:38:35,15 --> 00:38:39,60
a trip it to me tonight Leon and when you
know that we love you and we honor your

532
00:38:39,61 --> 00:38:40,13
life work

533
00:38:40,41 --> 00:38:56,86
thank

534
00:38:56,87 --> 00:39:02,86
you. I'm going to start
and write it briefly.

535
00:39:04,31 --> 00:39:05,25
With a question

536
00:39:06,18 --> 00:39:13,14
a very simple question and
the question is how many of

537
00:39:13,15 --> 00:39:20,14
us have experienced you know our
lifetimes. Out of the I came

538
00:39:20,15 --> 00:39:26,84
here not out of sight you like me
if I don't do you that I or we had

539
00:39:27,14 --> 00:39:33,76
discovered something while walking in
the street or. In the house in which we

540
00:39:33,77 --> 00:39:40,13
live and so right and so forth and
out and in the process let us

541
00:39:41,15 --> 00:39:48,07
out. If this was John's our
lives and I while I think

542
00:39:48,08 --> 00:39:54,85
that those of us who are actually
him. For such things would

543
00:39:54,86 --> 00:40:01,52
service response ability and some other
organizations are often thought of the

544
00:40:01,53 --> 00:40:06,96
same way. The whole
question of how out of.

545
00:40:08,58 --> 00:40:14,51
Time out of professional.
Room it was I was so

546
00:40:15,34 --> 00:40:21,82
consumed with what's going on in the
world I had to watch the professionally.

547
00:40:23,43 --> 00:40:30,34
Come out of the region some of the
worst injustices that we. Learned to

548
00:40:30,35 --> 00:40:36,100
counter and I just know it's not like
you're you know I had and I liked

549
00:40:37,25 --> 00:40:43,93
what Dr Why was that how can I buy. The

550
00:40:44,72 --> 00:40:50,45
imprudence all of. A moving out

551
00:40:51,39 --> 00:40:58,35
not your particular profession
to try to go with the

552
00:40:58,36 --> 00:41:04,92
need some of the worst excesses of
our society you know our country.

553
00:41:05,96 --> 00:41:12,94
And I mean the books have
been enough to brighten and

554
00:41:12,95 --> 00:41:19,21
I might say anything about it
but I don't come across. Them

555
00:41:19,22 --> 00:41:26,20
a book by much to hear about
what on the one of the matter

556
00:41:26,21 --> 00:41:33,18
of oh at the world climate I sometimes
wonder whether I read me how

557
00:41:33,19 --> 00:41:39,73
I've lived as long as I have now I'm out
because so much seems to me happening

558
00:41:40,03 --> 00:41:46,45
so fast and still furious and
drought and so on and so forth

559
00:41:47,03 --> 00:41:52,80
but I hereby pledge pledge to
other you know wonderful people

560
00:41:53,68 --> 00:41:59,51
that come hell or high water
as long as I'm around

561
00:42:00,52 --> 00:42:07,39
at least my spirit will
not be entirely. And

562
00:42:07,40 --> 00:42:14,38
I'm. In the time of by illness this
rather extreme guiltless that I've

563
00:42:14,39 --> 00:42:21,19
had I wish I would I want you I would want
to shout nobody I don't know I have had

564
00:42:21,20 --> 00:42:26,56
a long time to think. But.

565
00:42:28,83 --> 00:42:34,18
There's a state where I am
right now comparing how it was

566
00:42:34,19 --> 00:42:38,38
a time I was born at the time and I live

567
00:42:38,39 --> 00:42:44,98
a good now so little that's one
other thing finally. I was I was

568
00:42:45,21 --> 00:42:51,81
meant to be at the beginning you find
yourself sometimes and surprising state

569
00:42:52,33 --> 00:42:57,81
of something happening that
changes the course of your life.

570
00:42:58,91 --> 00:43:02,99
Well one time I happened to me going to

571
00:43:02,100 --> 00:43:09,62
a me in New York said you were
of all through these rooms

572
00:43:09,63 --> 00:43:16,16
I'm me with whom he public hearing
as an acquired by mineral.

573
00:43:17,27 --> 00:43:24,26
To determine whether. Somebody's
work should be done for you know

574
00:43:24,27 --> 00:43:30,76
when we had about it New York City just
in case you haven't seen it drop so.

575
00:43:32,74 --> 00:43:39,73
Some of the well I thought I was coming
did I miss during which. Time I have

576
00:43:39,75 --> 00:43:45,97
women said to me can I help you and I. And
the chair I mean we're going down the

577
00:43:45,98 --> 00:43:52,48
stairs so I do well what can you do
well I can drive you to your car.

578
00:43:54,20 --> 00:44:00,37
And from one car to about the
car. A friendship sprang up

579
00:44:00,95 --> 00:44:07,75
which has led to my. I think my case you
know I'm showing you how the case is

580
00:44:07,76 --> 00:44:14,01
well. A No outlook in many ways.

581
00:44:16,96 --> 00:44:23,72
The world that we live and so caring
about because you know what I

582
00:44:23,73 --> 00:44:25,46
had studied all of that.

583
00:44:31,25 --> 00:44:35,27
Now gives me great pleasure to introduce
past president talk about our student our

584
00:44:35,28 --> 00:44:36,04
scholarship chair.

585
00:44:42,18 --> 00:44:44,69
Thank you all for coming in
as everybody can see it's

586
00:44:44,70 --> 00:44:49,100
a smallish turnout but I had the pleasure
of talking with Mark Hertsgaard on the

587
00:44:50,01 --> 00:44:56,58
way over he said you know eighty dedicated
people. That's all you need really to

588
00:44:56,59 --> 00:44:56,78
make

589
00:44:56,79 --> 00:45:01,22
a change starting here in Sacramento and
that's what we've been trying to do since

590
00:45:01,23 --> 00:45:05,64
we reformed our second chapter of Physicians
for Social Responsibility one of the

591
00:45:05,65 --> 00:45:08,64
things we've been doing for the
last five years is to host

592
00:45:08,97 --> 00:45:13,89
a scholarship essay contest for high
school seniors in two thousand and five we

593
00:45:13,90 --> 00:45:19,47
realized that high school seniors at that
point. The United States had been at war

594
00:45:19,51 --> 00:45:23,67
for every year that they had been in high
school and so we wanted to high school

595
00:45:23,68 --> 00:45:28,74
seniors to consider an alternative point
of view to the ones that they were getting

596
00:45:28,75 --> 00:45:33,78
for military recruiters were very prominent
on the campuses and from the popular

597
00:45:33,79 --> 00:45:38,23
media so we started our high
school essay contests based on

598
00:45:38,24 --> 00:45:43,11
a quotation the first year the
quote was from J.F.K. John F.

599
00:45:43,12 --> 00:45:48,24
Kennedy and he said after he returned
from World War two as a world as

600
00:45:48,25 --> 00:45:53,39
a war hero that war will exist until
that distant day when the conscientious

601
00:45:53,43 --> 00:45:59,72
objector enjoys the same reputation and
prestige as the warrior does today that was

602
00:45:59,73 --> 00:46:05,00
a topic for the first essay contest is
the second year two thousand and six the

603
00:46:05,01 --> 00:46:06,60
topic was

604
00:46:06,61 --> 00:46:10,92
a quote from Martin Luther King who said
wars are Portugal's for carving out

605
00:46:10,99 --> 00:46:14,36
Peaceful Tomorrows. The next
year we had a quote from

606
00:46:14,37 --> 00:46:18,55
a pop singer Michael Franti He said We can
bomb the world to pieces but we can't

607
00:46:18,56 --> 00:46:22,69
bomb the world into peace and
then the next year a quote from

608
00:46:23,08 --> 00:46:27,74
a major general in the Marine Smedley
Butler who won the Medal of Honor who said

609
00:46:27,93 --> 00:46:28,35
war is

610
00:46:28,36 --> 00:46:32,61
a racket with the profits reckoned in
dollars and the losses reckon their lives

611
00:46:33,37 --> 00:46:34,44
last year the quote was

612
00:46:34,45 --> 00:46:39,53
a more open ended one quote by Albert
Einstein who said we should require an

613
00:46:39,54 --> 00:46:45,13
entirely new kind new manner of thinking
if mankind is to survive and we're

614
00:46:45,14 --> 00:46:50,45
fortunate to have with us tonight one of
the top ten winners of the two thousand

615
00:46:50,46 --> 00:46:55,31
and one scholarship essay contest in which
we gave out about ten thousand. Over ten

616
00:46:55,32 --> 00:47:01,63
thousand dollars at this time I'd like to
welcome Ryan Suliman one of the winners

617
00:47:01,64 --> 00:47:06,17
of the two thousand and nine scholarship
essay contest and Ryan is going to say

618
00:47:06,18 --> 00:47:11,01
a few words unsure about the contest and
then present his ass again and I think

619
00:47:11,05 --> 00:47:15,96
when you hear Ryan's words and his fights
you'll see how it is how important it is

620
00:47:16,50 --> 00:47:20,91
to stimulate young people to think about
these important issues coming up right.

621
00:47:26,52 --> 00:47:33,05
Thank you Dr Dobson very much for
inviting me to speak here. I just.

622
00:47:34,95 --> 00:47:35,44
I want to talk

623
00:47:35,45 --> 00:47:42,28
a little bit about why this
scholarship is so important. I mean

624
00:47:43,11 --> 00:47:49,86
for one thing it's. I'm so grateful to
have to have gotten. Discussion money to

625
00:47:49,87 --> 00:47:56,70
help me with my education and. As he said
there were three three winners but all

626
00:47:56,71 --> 00:48:00,93
ten of the finalists actually received
scholarship money so I think that's really

627
00:48:01,31 --> 00:48:08,26
an outstanding program. And but
I mean it goes far beyond the

628
00:48:08,27 --> 00:48:15,21
scholarship money. There's also the
involvement of getting young people

629
00:48:15,22 --> 00:48:20,78
involved in thinking about important issues
that are really relevant and I think

630
00:48:20,79 --> 00:48:26,59
under emphasize in. Our society
especially in high school kids.

631
00:48:28,92 --> 00:48:32,50
And so it's. It provides

632
00:48:33,36 --> 00:48:39,24
a place for people to actually to really
think about stuff that is important.

633
00:48:40,25 --> 00:48:45,89
To consider in participating in a democracy
and and that's that's how you create

634
00:48:45,90 --> 00:48:49,10
a better democracies by encouraging people
to actually think about what's going on

635
00:48:49,60 --> 00:48:56,29
instead of instead of blowing it
off as if it's not important. So

636
00:48:57,23 --> 00:49:02,86
yeah I mean and it goes beyond that because
I mean part of the reason I'm here is

637
00:49:02,87 --> 00:49:09,44
because of that conscious listening to
Mark Hertsgaard speech about Copenhagen so

638
00:49:10,00 --> 00:49:11,79
that's that's already

639
00:49:11,80 --> 00:49:17,82
a benefit so I mean I'm excited to see
its developments in the future and

640
00:49:18,67 --> 00:49:25,66
I looking forward to hearing about
the next contest. So I guess with

641
00:49:25,67 --> 00:49:32,28
that. Just to read my speech.
It's the quote was We shall

642
00:49:32,29 --> 00:49:32,79
require

643
00:49:32,84 --> 00:49:39,46
a substantially new manner of thinking if
mankind is to survive listening to the

644
00:49:39,47 --> 00:49:44,15
news often makes me feel distressed the
consequences of climate change are

645
00:49:44,16 --> 00:49:50,15
occurring faster than predicted war is
devastating lives and cultures worldwide and

646
00:49:50,16 --> 00:49:55,71
the nuclear arms race continues to spin
out of control Meanwhile world leaders

647
00:49:55,94 --> 00:50:01,27
rattle swords at one another and their
peoples point and shout in confusion the

648
00:50:01,28 --> 00:50:07,68
cost of all this human and environmental
is deeply troubling that's why and science

649
00:50:07,69 --> 00:50:13,46
message is so important the two most
important changes to make to our current

650
00:50:13,47 --> 00:50:19,52
method of thinking are first an emphasis
on sustainability over short term capital

651
00:50:19,53 --> 00:50:25,16
gains and second mutual respect and
cooperation by recognizing one global human

652
00:50:25,37 --> 00:50:30,72
human civilization instead of separate
national ones there are some values held by

653
00:50:30,73 --> 00:50:35,39
our society that I think we should be
concerned about one problem is the value we

654
00:50:35,40 --> 00:50:38,37
are placing on material wealth
and short term fiscal results

655
00:50:39,10 --> 00:50:43,60
a major reason the public is so reluctant
to invest in for example public transit

656
00:50:43,64 --> 00:50:48,59
or building up instead of out is that tends
to be stuck on the short term fiscal

657
00:50:48,63 --> 00:50:53,32
consequences while glazing over the long
term benefits for our community and the

658
00:50:53,34 --> 00:50:58,00
environment. If everyone in the world
had the same standard of living as the

659
00:50:58,01 --> 00:51:03,94
average American we would drain our planet
entirely of its resources and developing

660
00:51:03,95 --> 00:51:09,08
countries around the world are looking to
the US as an example we would last much

661
00:51:09,09 --> 00:51:09,55
longer as

662
00:51:09,56 --> 00:51:13,62
a civilization if we could be less concerned
with such material things as owning

663
00:51:13,63 --> 00:51:14,18
a car or

664
00:51:14,19 --> 00:51:19,18
a big house and more about preserving nature
with efficient and sustainable lifestyles

665
00:51:20,00 --> 00:51:20,52
we should live in

666
00:51:20,53 --> 00:51:25,57
a way that would be realistic if it were
adopted by everyone in the world and

667
00:51:25,58 --> 00:51:29,82
another problem with the current method of
thinking that is our reliance on threats

668
00:51:29,83 --> 00:51:35,15
and military ism to achieve national instead
of global interests the deep sense of

669
00:51:35,16 --> 00:51:39,08
fear and suspicion Harvard by different
governments towards one another is what

670
00:51:39,09 --> 00:51:44,31
drives the nuclear arms race and military
violence we often talk about world powers

671
00:51:44,32 --> 00:51:49,23
struggling for global dominance and so-called
new players on the world stage but

672
00:51:49,24 --> 00:51:53,59
shouldn't all nations respect each other's
interests instead of an endless power

673
00:51:53,60 --> 00:51:59,54
struggle against one another we are all
citizens of the same planet while we have

674
00:51:59,55 --> 00:52:00,99
many differences we also have

675
00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:06,64
a lot in common we breathe the same air we
share the same seas we hold many of the

676
00:52:06,65 --> 00:52:11,70
same dreams and aspirations for our
respective subsocieties instead of trying to

677
00:52:11,71 --> 00:52:16,16
exploit one another for power and resources
we should be looking out for each

678
00:52:16,17 --> 00:52:18,82
other's interests a world engaged in

679
00:52:18,83 --> 00:52:22,72
a civil war with itself is no better
off than any other country engaged in

680
00:52:22,73 --> 00:52:28,30
a civil war until we recognize that we
are members of one Earth community are

681
00:52:28,31 --> 00:52:33,70
thousands year civil war will never end and
we will never achieve peace or end the

682
00:52:33,71 --> 00:52:38,71
threat of nuclear holocaust I think it's
important for us to make an earnest

683
00:52:38,72 --> 00:52:44,64
attempt at understanding and appreciating
one another to value people instead of

684
00:52:44,66 --> 00:52:50,87
material goods such as money and power only
then could mankind survive thanks very

685
00:52:50,88 --> 00:52:51,29
much.

686
00:52:51,98 --> 00:52:59,09
Thank

687
00:52:59,10 --> 00:53:04,72
you so much pleasure to introduce our keynote
speaker Mr Mark Hertsgaard. For over

688
00:53:04,73 --> 00:53:08,34
twenty years he has written about the
environment for magazines and newspapers

689
00:53:08,38 --> 00:53:15,12
around the world he is the author of
five books nuclear Inc The man and money

690
00:53:15,16 --> 00:53:21,55
behind nuclear energy on bended knee
the press and the Reagan presidency

691
00:53:23,05 --> 00:53:29,64
a day in the life the music and
artistry of the Beatles first odyssey

692
00:53:29,68 --> 00:53:32,65
around the world in search
of our environmental failure

693
00:53:32,66 --> 00:53:39,48
a night as I understand it Mark you future.
As I understand it you traveled around

694
00:53:39,89 --> 00:53:45,60
you actually traveled in many countries
around the world to research for them and

695
00:53:45,61 --> 00:53:52,09
Eagles shadow why America fascinates
infuriates the world His forthcoming book is

696
00:53:52,10 --> 00:53:57,40
Living Through the storm our future under
global warming Mr HERTSGAARD is currently

697
00:53:57,41 --> 00:54:01,75
an Open Society Institute fellow and
recently spoke at N O S I Conference in New

698
00:54:01,76 --> 00:54:07,53
York City on food security and climate
change please welcome our keynote speaker Mr

699
00:54:07,54 --> 00:54:08,43
Mark Hertsgaard

700
00:54:08,55 --> 00:54:15,56
thank

701
00:54:15,57 --> 00:54:21,29
you I'm here tonight because I have
long admired this organization it's.

702
00:54:23,67 --> 00:54:25,92
Sort of defacto you're always
supposed to say when you start

703
00:54:25,93 --> 00:54:30,64
a speech or pleased you are to be someplace
and I am pleased but I also genuinely

704
00:54:30,65 --> 00:54:37,41
feel quite honored to be involved with
Physicians for Social Responsibility. It

705
00:54:37,42 --> 00:54:39,71
really is an organization
I've admired ever since I was

706
00:54:39,72 --> 00:54:42,89
a young reporter in Washington D.C.
In the one nine hundred eighty S.

707
00:54:42,89 --> 00:54:49,87
. During the Reagan years and. The first
I really became aware of P S I was when

708
00:54:49,88 --> 00:54:53,23
you won your going to say she won the Nobel
Prize in one thousand nine hundred five

709
00:54:53,77 --> 00:54:59,36
and that was a hugely important
step and everyone talked

710
00:54:59,37 --> 00:55:05,42
a little bit earlier tonight about the
controversy that that excited at the time I

711
00:55:05,43 --> 00:55:08,07
had been writing in the eighty's quite

712
00:55:08,08 --> 00:55:12,79
a bit about nuclear issues as Harry
mentioned my first book was on the nuclear

713
00:55:12,80 --> 00:55:16,57
energy industry the civilian side of
nuclear power but of course they're pretty

714
00:55:16,80 --> 00:55:19,12
tightly connected and I wrote

715
00:55:19,13 --> 00:55:25,05
a lot about nuclear weapons in my second
book about Ronald Reagan and the press on

716
00:55:25,06 --> 00:55:30,06
bended knee and I remember in one thousand
nine hundred five when I was at work on

717
00:55:30,07 --> 00:55:31,94
that book the news that P.S.R.

718
00:55:31,95 --> 00:55:38,59
Had gotten this award was such an important
breakthrough because it changed the way

719
00:55:38,60 --> 00:55:45,37
that issue was framed in the minds of
the American people until that point.

720
00:55:47,54 --> 00:55:54,07
You talked about nuclear war within
the frame of national interest

721
00:55:54,30 --> 00:56:01,25
military strategy. Partisan
gamesmanship and what

722
00:56:01,26 --> 00:56:05,05
the Nobel committee's
decision to recognize P.S.R.

723
00:56:05,06 --> 00:56:09,37
And your international affiliate the
International Physicians for the Prevention of

724
00:56:09,38 --> 00:56:14,92
nuclear war what that did was to
reframe the discussion and say wait

725
00:56:14,93 --> 00:56:16,30
a minute this is about

726
00:56:16,87 --> 00:56:23,79
a public health issue this is about millions
of people dying let's be clear this

727
00:56:23,80 --> 00:56:29,58
is what we're talking about and so instead
of some abstraction about. American

728
00:56:29,59 --> 00:56:35,87
self-interest or global security or all of
the other buzz phrases that you heard so

729
00:56:35,88 --> 00:56:40,06
often. It was brought back down to

730
00:56:40,07 --> 00:56:45,36
a level that the average person could
really understand it and that was hugely

731
00:56:45,62 --> 00:56:52,05
important and I think it was
very. Very deserving that

732
00:56:52,09 --> 00:56:52,64
P.S.R.

733
00:56:52,65 --> 00:56:57,60
Got that award and I want to say well let
me just ask you how many people were

734
00:56:57,61 --> 00:57:00,83
involved with the organization in those
years in the one nine hundred eighty S.

735
00:57:00,84 --> 00:57:03,85
Working on nuclear weapons just
hold up your hands for me please so

736
00:57:03,86 --> 00:57:10,74
a number of you and never ever doubt
that what this organization did

737
00:57:10,75 --> 00:57:10,93
made

738
00:57:10,94 --> 00:57:18,26
a difference the mainstream discourse on
this on the whole question of nuclear

739
00:57:18,27 --> 00:57:25,26
war generally credits Ronald
Reagan as the person who ended the

740
00:57:25,26 --> 00:57:31,97
nuclear arms race singlehandedly
willingly even eagerly and the

741
00:57:31,98 --> 00:57:36,47
truth to put it mildly is
somewhat different from that.

742
00:57:39,01 --> 00:57:40,14
Certainly Mr Reagan played

743
00:57:40,15 --> 00:57:45,93
a huge role and I think it's important to
credit him for that he did not have to do

744
00:57:46,44 --> 00:57:51,19
what he ended up doing as president but
he would not have ended up doing that had

745
00:57:51,20 --> 00:57:51,60
there not been

746
00:57:51,61 --> 00:57:58,42
a man named Mikhail Gorbachev who somehow
miraculously rose to power in that

747
00:57:58,94 --> 00:58:05,93
utterly rotten dangerous
repressive system that ruled

748
00:58:05,93 --> 00:58:10,89
the Soviet empire at that point I
still to this day I have not read a

749
00:58:11,09 --> 00:58:15,59
a an account that that adequately explains
how he Kalak or bitch off somehow

750
00:58:15,60 --> 00:58:17,37
managed to rise to the top of that system

751
00:58:17,38 --> 00:58:24,07
a radical reformer who didn't
challenge Reagan on Reagan's

752
00:58:24,08 --> 00:58:29,49
own stated purpose of hating nuclear weapons
wanting to get rid of nuclear weapons

753
00:58:29,49 --> 00:58:36,47
. And. But beyond that
beyond those two world

754
00:58:36,48 --> 00:58:42,74
leaders of course which often Reagan was
the enormous public pressure that came

755
00:58:42,75 --> 00:58:44,30
from groups like P.S.R.

756
00:58:44,34 --> 00:58:49,69
And hundreds of others especially over in
Europe I was fortunate enough to to work

757
00:58:49,70 --> 00:58:54,44
with some of the those groups. Who were
putting millions of people into the streets

758
00:58:54,44 --> 00:59:01,44
. In that era and I can tell you that the
Reagan administration was very aware

759
00:59:02,09 --> 00:59:08,43
of what was happening in the streets they
were very worried about what's happening

760
00:59:08,53 --> 00:59:14,83
in the streets in reaction to their policies.
I interviewed David Gergen who many

761
00:59:14,84 --> 00:59:17,22
of you now know as a pundit on C.N.N.

762
00:59:17,23 --> 00:59:19,53
But in those days Gergen was

763
00:59:19,54 --> 00:59:24,72
a high official in the Reagan White House
and he was one of my main sources on the

764
00:59:24,73 --> 00:59:29,74
on bended knee book and he said that
during those early years in the one nine

765
00:59:29,75 --> 00:59:30,35
hundred eighty S.

766
00:59:30,36 --> 00:59:35,90
As the protests were rising. We were worried
about losing some of those governments

767
00:59:36,34 --> 00:59:42,58
NATO governments in Britain in
Germany in France because of

768
00:59:43,61 --> 00:59:49,20
work by organizations like yours because
of people getting out into the streets

769
00:59:49,61 --> 00:59:56,26
because of people daring to. Risk the
kind of opprobrium that Harry mentioned

770
00:59:56,27 --> 01:00:01,70
earlier when when this group got its award
it kind of ridiculed because people put

771
01:00:01,71 --> 01:00:07,46
their lives on the line and their
reputations on the line. We really ended up

772
01:00:07,47 --> 01:00:07,73
having

773
01:00:07,74 --> 01:00:14,59
a significant effect and that
I guess is why I've I've

774
01:00:14,75 --> 01:00:16,42
That's how I first heard about P.S.R.

775
01:00:16,43 --> 01:00:20,40
And why I have admired you and I want to
want to underline tonight is I hope you

776
01:00:20,41 --> 01:00:27,04
realize how how much credibility you
have in the eyes of the average citizen

777
01:00:27,50 --> 01:00:31,37
and also in the eyes of the media and

778
01:00:31,38 --> 01:00:36,88
a little. Friendly advice or I hope others
doesn't sound too critical but I think

779
01:00:36,89 --> 01:00:43,44
you need to do more to play on that
credibility and more to reach out to the

780
01:00:43,45 --> 01:00:49,64
media I guarantee you that most producers
editors journalists in this country do

781
01:00:49,65 --> 01:00:56,17
not know that two out of three doctors
support a public option. And there's not

782
01:00:56,23 --> 01:01:00,47
a very good reason why they shouldn't
know you know you guys have enormous

783
01:01:00,48 --> 01:01:05,49
credibility and you just
need to I think invest

784
01:01:05,50 --> 01:01:10,66
a bit more in that work of reaching out
to the media because the media is still

785
01:01:10,67 --> 01:01:16,51
even in the Internet era that is
the. Means to reach the public and.

786
01:01:18,70 --> 01:01:25,52
You do have such credibility and I hope
that my purpose here tonight is to try and

787
01:01:25,55 --> 01:01:31,71
encourage you to bring that to bear on the
issue of climate change which I see now

788
01:01:31,74 --> 01:01:38,29
as the it's really the only other issue
that I've come across that rises to the

789
01:01:38,30 --> 01:01:45,17
level of nuclear war. The only
other issue of comparable scope

790
01:01:45,58 --> 01:01:52,18
and gravity to the nuclear arms race
and I think that we need the same kind

791
01:01:52,19 --> 01:01:58,27
of popular activism movement and momentum
that we saw in the one nine hundred

792
01:01:58,28 --> 01:01:58,67
eighty S.

793
01:01:59,17 --> 01:02:04,21
On nuclear weapons we need that now on
climate change and it is beginning it is

794
01:02:04,22 --> 01:02:09,59
happening in many places around the world
especially I would emphasize among young

795
01:02:09,60 --> 01:02:13,79
people and I think this is a place
that again an area that P.S.R.

796
01:02:13,80 --> 01:02:18,49
Could profitably exploit I was talking with
Harry about this at dinner there is no

797
01:02:18,50 --> 01:02:23,10
bigger issue on the campuses now of
America than climate change we have seven

798
01:02:23,11 --> 01:02:27,25
hundred fifty colleges and universities
around the country who have the

799
01:02:27,26 --> 01:02:33,01
administrations of which have been pressured
and have now agreed pressured by their

800
01:02:33,02 --> 01:02:39,45
students and have now agreed to become
carbon neutral. Seven hundred and fifty

801
01:02:39,46 --> 01:02:43,25
universities and colleges around the country
and as you know those of you who are

802
01:02:43,26 --> 01:02:46,72
involved in higher education
in most communities

803
01:02:47,02 --> 01:02:51,28
a college or university is kind of
a thought leader it's a hobby it's

804
01:02:51,29 --> 01:02:55,79
a place that where the cultural
changes are happening so when

805
01:02:55,80 --> 01:03:00,50
a university does that it's not just that
they tend to be large consumers of energy

806
01:03:00,51 --> 01:03:03,92
in this can affect marketplace
decisions they also set

807
01:03:03,93 --> 01:03:08,93
a social example which is also what
you do as physicians and health care

808
01:03:08,94 --> 01:03:11,87
professionals so I'm going to talk

809
01:03:11,88 --> 01:03:18,10
a little bit tonight about the. Parallels
and then also the differences between

810
01:03:18,11 --> 01:03:22,88
climate change and nuclear weapons and I
hope that's going to set the context for

811
01:03:22,89 --> 01:03:28,11
some closing remarks about the Copenhagen
conference that was mentioned in December

812
01:03:28,49 --> 01:03:35,39
about ten weeks from now which is. I won't
say it's the most important meeting that

813
01:03:35,41 --> 01:03:39,35
we've ever had in the history of the human
race have been some pretty important

814
01:03:39,35 --> 01:03:43,36
meetings around nuclear weapons for example
but I would say that we've had no more

815
01:03:43,38 --> 01:03:49,11
important meeting than this one this
really is the last chance for the world

816
01:03:49,11 --> 01:03:52,61
governments to at least come come come to

817
01:03:52,61 --> 01:03:58,93
a shared understanding of what we're
going to do about this problem so

818
01:04:00,48 --> 01:04:06,82
we need to be putting pressure on them
before during and after Copenhagen and as I

819
01:04:06,90 --> 01:04:09,41
begin talking about how we could
do that I hope you'll permit me

820
01:04:09,49 --> 01:04:16,37
a brief. Personal reflection
here which is that I have

821
01:04:16,38 --> 01:04:21,11
covered both of these issues at the start
of my career the nuclear issue and now in

822
01:04:21,12 --> 01:04:23,50
the middle of my career
the climate issue but I'm

823
01:04:23,51 --> 01:04:26,83
a different person now walk covering
the climate issue because I'm

824
01:04:26,84 --> 01:04:33,64
a father now. Relatively new father
my daughter's four and so this

825
01:04:33,65 --> 01:04:39,30
whole question of whether civilization
is going to survive is no longer an

826
01:04:39,31 --> 01:04:46,28
abstraction to me. The opening lines of

827
01:04:46,32 --> 01:04:51,59
the book I just finished actually living
through the storm talks about how as

828
01:04:51,60 --> 01:04:58,32
a reporter who covered civil war in
Sudan and nuclear accidents and Russia

829
01:04:58,45 --> 01:05:05,32
and pollution in China. Like any
journalist I have unfortunately written

830
01:05:05,33 --> 01:05:12,29
a lot about very bad things happening
to other people's children but

831
01:05:12,30 --> 01:05:13,15
it is

832
01:05:13,30 --> 01:05:19,11
a big surprise here. A completely different
thing when you consider that happening

833
01:05:19,15 --> 01:05:24,57
to someone who is the most important little
person that you will ever meet in your

834
01:05:24,58 --> 01:05:31,48
life and it was that. The arrival
of my daughter four years ago

835
01:05:32,41 --> 01:05:39,09
that made me think specifically about these
questions of climate change and nuclear

836
01:05:39,13 --> 01:05:43,42
war because I think they both do rise
to that level of is there going to be

837
01:05:43,47 --> 01:05:47,04
a future for the next
generation and what kind of

838
01:05:47,05 --> 01:05:54,04
a future will it be. The
book I just finished

839
01:05:54,05 --> 01:05:59,28
is in fact about my daughter's name is
Chiara and it's about how Chiara and her

840
01:05:59,29 --> 01:06:05,72
generation whether here in California
where we live or in Brooklyn cross the

841
01:06:05,73 --> 01:06:11,07
country where her uncle lives or in Bangladesh
across the world where I went to do

842
01:06:11,08 --> 01:06:17,47
research for this book among other places.
What will it take for them to survive

843
01:06:18,47 --> 01:06:25,22
the climate crisis and when
you take an unflinching

844
01:06:25,23 --> 01:06:28,10
look at the scientific evidence
and all of you have studied

845
01:06:28,11 --> 01:06:33,72
a lot of science your doctors or health
care professionals I have to say it's. It's

846
01:06:33,73 --> 01:06:35,96
a pretty sobering topic it reminds me

847
01:06:35,97 --> 01:06:38,88
a great deal of writing about nuclear
war in the one nine hundred eighty S.

848
01:06:39,45 --> 01:06:46,09
Where when you really peel it back and
look at the facts it's pretty darn grim

849
01:06:47,82 --> 01:06:54,36
but you don't want to make people so
depressed. That you immobilize in that you

850
01:06:54,37 --> 01:06:58,43
paralyze them from action that's no good
so you've got to always be looking for

851
01:06:58,44 --> 01:07:03,90
a way out and that's one of again I would
say one of your great calling cards to

852
01:07:03,91 --> 01:07:10,58
the public that what you did in the
eighty's showed that citizens actually can

853
01:07:10,77 --> 01:07:16,08
change history and that's what we have to
do again now and when I think about my

854
01:07:16,09 --> 01:07:17,81
daughter and climate changes when I wait

855
01:07:17,82 --> 01:07:24,28
a minute. Maybe it's not so dark because
I grew up under the shadow of the bomb

856
01:07:24,75 --> 01:07:28,93
I was born in the fifty's I grew up in the
sixty's and seventy's when we were being

857
01:07:28,94 --> 01:07:32,86
taught to duck and cover and go down
under the you know into the basement I

858
01:07:32,87 --> 01:07:38,99
remember doing that once or twice and it
looked very dark I'm not old enough to

859
01:07:39,00 --> 01:07:41,68
quite remember the Cuban missile crisis
but I lived through the one nine hundred

860
01:07:41,69 --> 01:07:42,08
eighty S.

861
01:07:42,09 --> 01:07:48,84
When we were. Rather belligerently
with with our fellow superpower and

862
01:07:49,41 --> 01:07:53,57
Nevertheless I lived through this my
brothers and sisters all of through this we

863
01:07:53,58 --> 01:07:58,93
all lived through it so far and we lived
through it partly because of the miracle

864
01:07:58,94 --> 01:08:00,49
that happened in the one
nine hundred eighty S.

865
01:08:01,10 --> 01:08:03,14
Due to the work of groups like P.S.R.

866
01:08:03,15 --> 01:08:09,44
And due to the extraordinary efforts of
two men named Reagan and Gorbachev and

867
01:08:10,47 --> 01:08:13,86
those kinds of changes and that was not
the only change in eighty nine of course

868
01:08:13,87 --> 01:08:19,41
the Berlin Wall fell and in one nine hundred
ninety apartheid ended in South Africa

869
01:08:19,66 --> 01:08:23,17
a man who'd been in jail for twenty seven
years and who stayed in jail and it

870
01:08:23,18 --> 01:08:29,25
looked like nothing could ever change that
system. By nine hundred ninety he was on

871
01:08:29,26 --> 01:08:33,55
his way to becoming president of the country
Same with hobble in the Czech Republic

872
01:08:33,56 --> 01:08:38,53
way had the pleasure to interview for the
earth Odyssey book guy who went to prison

873
01:08:38,54 --> 01:08:40,73
in one thousand nine hundred three at

874
01:08:40,74 --> 01:08:44,44
a time when it didn't look like the Soviet
empire would ever fall but he went to

875
01:08:44,45 --> 01:08:51,22
prison because that was he was not
going to give up on the the dream and

876
01:08:51,26 --> 01:08:54,98
is living in hope as hobble
called it. And so we've seen

877
01:08:54,99 --> 01:09:00,51
a number of times in relatively recent
human history that what looks like an

878
01:09:00,52 --> 01:09:07,27
impossible situation can in fact
be reversed that the irresistible

879
01:09:07,28 --> 01:09:13,91
force really can sometimes overcome
the immovable object and history

880
01:09:13,95 --> 01:09:19,46
is full of surprises so we have
to be careful not to be too.

881
01:09:20,70 --> 01:09:25,78
Discouraged by all this we have to sustain
our sense of hope but Obama on that

882
01:09:25,79 --> 01:09:29,82
magical night in Chicago on election night
two thousand and eight I was lucky to be

883
01:09:29,83 --> 01:09:33,60
covering the election for Vanity Fair in
Chicago so I was there to hear the speech

884
01:09:33,83 --> 01:09:39,12
what he called unyielding
hope on yielding hope

885
01:09:42,18 --> 01:09:47,62
and make no mistake hope is not some fuzzy
feeling that everything's going to turn

886
01:09:47,63 --> 01:09:50,60
out OK someday hope is

887
01:09:50,61 --> 01:09:55,52
a verb hope is an active choice

888
01:09:57,36 --> 01:10:00,75
hope is a commitment to fight for

889
01:10:00,76 --> 01:10:06,52
a better world no matter what the odds
look like think about Nelson Mandela

890
01:10:07,57 --> 01:10:14,40
didn't look very likely that apartheid
was going to fall or hobble or Gorbachev

891
01:10:14,61 --> 01:10:18,82
for that matter didn't look very likely
that those systems would change and yet

892
01:10:19,13 --> 01:10:26,07
because of people like you they
did change so that's what I. Am

893
01:10:26,08 --> 01:10:31,70
going to talk about here tonight and I
have already I think alluded to that the

894
01:10:31,71 --> 01:10:36,52
main parallel between nuclear war and
climate change which is the existential one

895
01:10:37,55 --> 01:10:42,35
which is that in both cases you can
essentially at least threaten the survival of

896
01:10:42,36 --> 01:10:46,90
human civilization You may argue about
whether the human species will survive or

897
01:10:46,91 --> 01:10:49,43
not maybe there'd be a few
people running around after

898
01:10:49,44 --> 01:10:54,15
a nuclear war. Likewise if we get one
hundred feet of sea level rise it's

899
01:10:54,16 --> 01:10:57,35
interesting you talk to some of the
scientists climate scientists who really look

900
01:10:57,36 --> 01:11:04,18
at this stuff. And they differ on whether
we're talking about the human species

901
01:11:04,19 --> 01:11:08,45
disappear if we get six degrees of temperature
rise or would it just be the human

902
01:11:08,46 --> 01:11:13,18
civilization that disappears
it's not to me such

903
01:11:13,19 --> 01:11:19,57
a germ main argument I think in human
civilization disappearing is quite enough. To

904
01:11:19,62 --> 01:11:26,46
get me working on this but that very fact
that both climate change and nuclear war

905
01:11:28,48 --> 01:11:32,84
threaten our survival that takes
them to a different level takes into

906
01:11:32,85 --> 01:11:38,52
a separate category I would say from many
other issues that we all care about and

907
01:11:38,53 --> 01:11:43,97
that good people of good will work on and
should work on like human rights poverty

908
01:11:44,22 --> 01:11:49,84
like health care. So what I'm saying
here is in no way meant to diminish the

909
01:11:49,85 --> 01:11:53,39
importance of those issues
but these I think rise to

910
01:11:53,40 --> 01:11:54,70
a different level because without

911
01:11:54,71 --> 01:12:01,12
a livable planet nothing else is going to
matter very much and that really is what

912
01:12:01,13 --> 01:12:06,42
we're talking about here. And I think
that's the first point that that we need to

913
01:12:06,43 --> 01:12:12,01
be clear about in our in our public
education. Is that it is we're talking about

914
01:12:12,02 --> 01:12:13,87
survival here this is not just going to be

915
01:12:13,91 --> 01:12:15,48
a little difficult it's
not just going to be

916
01:12:15,49 --> 01:12:19,69
a little bit of sea level rise and maybe
some storms and it's interesting you know

917
01:12:19,70 --> 01:12:24,96
the defenders of nuclear weapons also
always try to downplay the urgency of this

918
01:12:24,97 --> 01:12:30,39
that the danger of it. That's why they came
up with things like duck and cover that

919
01:12:30,90 --> 01:12:36,53
you know it's going to be OK I mean when
Reagan came into office there was. His

920
01:12:36,54 --> 01:12:40,16
officials were saying with enough shovels
some of you may know Bob Scheer Robert

921
01:12:40,17 --> 01:12:41,55
surety the journalist who wrote

922
01:12:41,56 --> 01:12:46,37
a book to that title that they really he
was taking advice from people who said we

923
01:12:46,38 --> 01:12:47,02
could live through

924
01:12:47,03 --> 01:12:51,29
a nuclear war with the Soviet Union enough
shovels will all make it because really

925
01:12:51,30 --> 01:12:52,40
all you need to do is dig

926
01:12:52,41 --> 01:12:57,24
a hole three feet deep down you go put the
put the door over you and you're going

927
01:12:57,25 --> 01:13:03,68
to be fine. Yeah but that's

928
01:13:03,69 --> 01:13:06,30
why it was such a P.R.

929
01:13:06,31 --> 01:13:10,04
Disaster for Reagan when he let the cat out
of the bag and he said nine months and

930
01:13:10,37 --> 01:13:15,75
he was. November of one thousand nine hundred
been president about eight months and

931
01:13:15,76 --> 01:13:19,74
his first news conference at which European
journalists were able to question him

932
01:13:19,75 --> 01:13:19,82
in

933
01:13:19,83 --> 01:13:27,14
a British journalist asked him Mr President
your advisors are said to believe

934
01:13:27,15 --> 01:13:30,92
in the possibility of a limited
nuclear war do you sir believe that

935
01:13:31,19 --> 01:13:37,90
a nuclear war could be limited to the
theater of Europe and the Gipper got

936
01:13:37,91 --> 01:13:44,51
a lot of them. And he fell for the bait and
he said that yes he could well well yes

937
01:13:44,97 --> 01:13:48,40
well I think yes with there could be

938
01:13:48,49 --> 01:13:55,41
a nuclear war limited to to Europe
and and of course that went out

939
01:13:55,88 --> 01:13:57,67
it was completely ignored by the U.S.

940
01:13:57,68 --> 01:14:02,100
Press but it was you might be surprised
to learn headline news in Europe within

941
01:14:03,01 --> 01:14:09,91
three days there were literally
millions of people in the streets and

942
01:14:10,48 --> 01:14:13,45
that is what led to David
Gergen who was then

943
01:14:13,46 --> 01:14:16,89
a high white house official David Gergen
in the other White House people saying we

944
01:14:16,90 --> 01:14:22,59
were worried about losing those governments
in Europe that the nuclear sentiment

945
01:14:23,11 --> 01:14:29,86
inflamed by Reagan's own statements would
cause those governments to fall. And

946
01:14:30,06 --> 01:14:36,66
the vividness of that danger although it
was terribly scary to anybody who lived

947
01:14:36,67 --> 01:14:37,65
through the one nine hundred eighty S.

948
01:14:37,66 --> 01:14:42,68
And knew what was going on it's interesting
that now in retrospect it's it's almost

949
01:14:42,69 --> 01:14:47,18
that that worked in our favor because
it was so scary and because it was so

950
01:14:47,19 --> 01:14:53,46
immediate and so easily understood to be
scary people responded once that you once

951
01:14:53,47 --> 01:14:56,37
you could break through their denial people
responded and they did get out in the

952
01:14:56,38 --> 01:15:00,95
streets we had the largest Up until that
time the largest political demonstration

953
01:15:00,96 --> 01:15:04,20
in U.S. History was in June of one
thousand nine hundred two and half

954
01:15:04,21 --> 01:15:09,25
a million people went to New York City
anybody there for that yeah right I was

955
01:15:09,26 --> 01:15:10,88
there for that half

956
01:15:10,89 --> 01:15:17,61
a million people. So
this is again don't be

957
01:15:17,62 --> 01:15:21,60
under any illusions that public
pressure is part of the reason

958
01:15:21,64 --> 01:15:25,57
a big part of the reason why by the end
of the decade Gorbachev and Reagan had

959
01:15:25,58 --> 01:15:31,29
essentially agreed that we're going
to reduce the nuclear armaments and.

960
01:15:32,93 --> 01:15:38,64
That is I think an important thing for us
to remember now that we can affect these

961
01:15:38,65 --> 01:15:45,43
things and that we did affect these things
but it also points to one of the big

962
01:15:45,44 --> 01:15:49,35
differences between nuclear war and climate
change and that's what I want to talk

963
01:15:49,36 --> 01:15:56,04
about now which is that nuclear war
although terribly scary it was on

964
01:15:56,05 --> 01:16:00,10
a different time frame and climate change
nuclear were quite quite immediate you

965
01:16:00,11 --> 01:16:05,60
know the basically the Life As We Know
It could end more or less overnight

966
01:16:05,61 --> 01:16:08,87
certainly within twelve hours you could
have an all out nuclear exchange between

967
01:16:08,88 --> 01:16:11,06
the Soviets and the Americans and

968
01:16:11,82 --> 01:16:15,80
a lot of people would be dead by morning
and the rest of us would be dead certainly

969
01:16:15,81 --> 01:16:22,09
within a week or two from the
radiation. So while nuclear war is

970
01:16:22,10 --> 01:16:28,02
a rather sudden ending to human life on
this planet Climate change threatens that

971
01:16:28,03 --> 01:16:28,83
but at

972
01:16:28,84 --> 01:16:35,83
a more gradual. Face over decades
rather than minutes or hours and

973
01:16:36,14 --> 01:16:41,73
in some ways that I would say has worked
against us because it is harder for the

974
01:16:41,74 --> 01:16:48,25
human organism to detect that threat goes
way back in evolutionary history you know

975
01:16:48,26 --> 01:16:54,49
we learned as we were. Trying to survive
out there on the savannas of Africa that

976
01:16:54,50 --> 01:16:56,34
you've got to respond if you hear

977
01:16:56,35 --> 01:17:02,88
a threat over here you've got to run. And
we don't have that same evolutionary.

978
01:17:04,99 --> 01:17:11,97
Inclination towards long term threats
and that has. Worked against us in this

979
01:17:12,03 --> 01:17:17,89
case with nukes until that moment as long
as they didn't push the button you could

980
01:17:18,10 --> 01:17:24,28
always stop it and eventually we did stop
it you know better than anybody else

981
01:17:24,29 --> 01:17:29,84
we're not completely out of the woods
on nuclear war. The Russians and the

982
01:17:29,85 --> 01:17:34,46
Americans still have thousands of warheads
pointed at one another but they're no

983
01:17:34,47 --> 01:17:34,89
longer on

984
01:17:34,90 --> 01:17:41,80
a hair trigger alert. We are dismantling
warheads we are at least take

985
01:17:41,86 --> 01:17:46,62
taken a big step or two back from the
precipice instead of inching up towards

986
01:17:46,63 --> 01:17:52,67
a precipice and kind of egging each other
on of course the other big danger the

987
01:17:52,68 --> 01:17:57,74
proliferation of nuclear weapons to other.
States around the world and to would be

988
01:17:57,74 --> 01:18:00,22
. Terrorist groups is

989
01:18:00,23 --> 01:18:07,03
a huge concern but there is no
question that we are safer now

990
01:18:07,38 --> 01:18:09,97
on the nuclear front than we were
in the one nine hundred eighty S.

991
01:18:10,60 --> 01:18:17,31
And that is because you

992
01:18:17,32 --> 01:18:21,35
can turn the nuclear train around

993
01:18:21,42 --> 01:18:27,40
a lot faster than climate change with
climate change it's really quite different

994
01:18:27,67 --> 01:18:31,56
it's the single most fiendish fact about
climate change is that once you have

995
01:18:31,57 --> 01:18:38,21
triggered it. You cannot call it back
very quickly and that's not because

996
01:18:38,22 --> 01:18:44,86
governments are foolish or that the public
is apathetic it's because the laws of

997
01:18:44,87 --> 01:18:50,38
chemistry and physics which do not compromise
the laws of chemistry and physics and

998
01:18:50,39 --> 01:18:56,06
basically the C O two molecules you get
carbon dioxide up in the atmosphere and it

999
01:18:56,07 --> 01:18:59,78
stays there depending on various
things for anywhere between five and

1000
01:18:59,79 --> 01:19:04,05
a thousand years and
that means that there's

1001
01:19:04,07 --> 01:19:08,16
a big lag effect between the
actions that we take as

1002
01:19:08,18 --> 01:19:12,34
a civilization and the
effect on our climate

1003
01:19:15,01 --> 01:19:21,73
if we stopped all carbon dioxide
emissions tonight worldwide which

1004
01:19:22,77 --> 01:19:26,45
the thought experiment has are obviously
is impossible it would mean turning off

1005
01:19:26,97 --> 01:19:31,81
probably soon these lights are from fossil
fuels but it would mean shutting down

1006
01:19:31,82 --> 01:19:35,49
all the hospitals in the world and factories
and automobiles and such like that

1007
01:19:35,50 --> 01:19:40,25
that are not green powered which is certainly
the vast majority so we can't do this

1008
01:19:40,26 --> 01:19:42,26
but if we could imagine we could for just

1009
01:19:42,27 --> 01:19:49,20
a moment if we did that the
inertia of the momentum of

1010
01:19:49,21 --> 01:19:53,35
the Earth's climate system of what's already
up there in the atmosphere all those

1011
01:19:53,36 --> 01:19:57,35
greenhouse gases over the last two hundred
fifty years of industrialization we

1012
01:19:57,36 --> 01:20:01,48
could stop tonight and the temperature would
continue rising for another thirty to

1013
01:20:01,49 --> 01:20:06,17
forty years so let's be optimistic
let's say it's thirty years.

1014
01:20:08,28 --> 01:20:15,15
That means it's going to continue to be
hotter and let's even be really optimistic

1015
01:20:15,16 --> 01:20:19,52
and say OK we're going to we're going to
change our ways and we're going to go

1016
01:20:19,53 --> 01:20:24,23
green really quickly and let's say that we
got the entire world off of carbon based

1017
01:20:24,24 --> 01:20:28,82
fuels within the next twenty years which
would be faster than humanity is has

1018
01:20:29,31 --> 01:20:34,52
shifted energy sources ever but let's say
we can do that it still means fifty years

1019
01:20:34,69 --> 01:20:39,13
it's going to be fifty more years at the
temperatures are going to keep rising that

1020
01:20:39,14 --> 01:20:45,59
is locked in this fact has not.
Sunk in yet to most people

1021
01:20:46,23 --> 01:20:51,00
in the certainly in the United States we
talk about going green and that's all to

1022
01:20:51,01 --> 01:20:56,44
the good we have to go green faster
than ever and that's part of what makes

1023
01:20:56,45 --> 01:21:00,83
Copenhagen so important but even if we go
green no matter how many solar panels we

1024
01:21:00,84 --> 01:21:07,46
bought no matter how many Prius's or even
plug in hybrid cars we buy no matter how

1025
01:21:07,47 --> 01:21:12,36
much walking and mass transit and all the
other things that we have to do we're

1026
01:21:12,37 --> 01:21:17,84
still stuck with fifty more years of rising
temperatures and as those temperatures

1027
01:21:17,85 --> 01:21:23,33
rise they're going to be bringing climate
change with them so that's what we are

1028
01:21:23,35 --> 01:21:29,80
now locked into and this is what is
not really. Understood and this is

1029
01:21:29,81 --> 01:21:36,05
a massive difference from the nuclear
challenge. As I said with nuclear It was

1030
01:21:36,06 --> 01:21:39,83
never too late as long as they didn't push
the button we could always sort of step

1031
01:21:39,84 --> 01:21:45,06
back from the prep precipice with climate
change it is already too late to prevent

1032
01:21:45,10 --> 01:21:52,03
major major impacts and I
don't say that to to. Depress

1033
01:21:52,04 --> 01:21:52,85
you but it is

1034
01:21:52,89 --> 01:21:59,70
a sad and sobering fact that we have to
face if only so that we can A put in place

1035
01:21:59,71 --> 01:22:03,24
the protections that are required especially
for poor people around the world who

1036
01:22:03,25 --> 01:22:07,30
are going to be hit first and worst by
climate change even though they did nothing

1037
01:22:07,79 --> 01:22:12,67
to cause this problem. For example in the
south of Bangladesh where I was for this

1038
01:22:12,68 --> 01:22:17,16
book people are already dying from climate
change that's not what's written on

1039
01:22:17,17 --> 01:22:23,09
their death certificate but kids are not
eating enough food there and why is that

1040
01:22:23,75 --> 01:22:29,97
because they can't grow rice there anymore
in the same. Quantities that they used

1041
01:22:29,99 --> 01:22:34,26
to know why can't they do that they can't
do that because of sea level rise and how

1042
01:22:34,90 --> 01:22:39,76
sea level rise what is the deal with sea
level rise it's risen seven inches seven

1043
01:22:39,78 --> 01:22:46,39
inches over the last century. Over
the last thirty years because the

1044
01:22:46,43 --> 01:22:47,97
Self of a bungalow Desh is

1045
01:22:47,98 --> 01:22:53,63
a delta very low very flat seven inches
of sea level rise pushes that salt water

1046
01:22:53,64 --> 01:22:59,23
farther inland and so now that soil which
used to be three to four parts salt per

1047
01:22:59,24 --> 01:23:05,53
thousand thirty years ago now is
twenty parts salt per thousand

1048
01:23:06,60 --> 01:23:11,25
so you can still plant rice there and the
rice will still grow but your yields have

1049
01:23:11,26 --> 01:23:15,59
gone like this and to people who are farmers
who are on the edge of survival What

1050
01:23:15,60 --> 01:23:20,61
does that mean that means your children eat
less often means they die more often of

1051
01:23:20,74 --> 01:23:26,70
if not malnutrition outright from diseases
we are seen people die now around the

1052
01:23:26,71 --> 01:23:32,67
world from climate change we're just not
calling it that and we have got to got to

1053
01:23:32,86 --> 01:23:36,91
recognise that these impacts are going to
increase over the next fifty years and so

1054
01:23:36,92 --> 01:23:41,05
we have got to put in place protections
for people like that and not just in

1055
01:23:41,06 --> 01:23:46,11
Bangladesh we are sitting
in a city here. Quite

1056
01:23:46,12 --> 01:23:52,76
a bit of Sacramento in my in my book and
I put it in there because you are behind

1057
01:23:52,77 --> 01:23:58,99
only New Orleans this is the most vulnerable
place to climate change major city

1058
01:23:59,56 --> 01:24:06,48
vulnerable to climate change in the
United States and. Luckily you've

1059
01:24:06,49 --> 01:24:11,70
got local and state officials who are
on the case but those rivers out there.

1060
01:24:14,48 --> 01:24:20,47
That you guys need to put in place some
serious protections all along your rivers

1061
01:24:21,15 --> 01:24:24,33
and this this is in fact in

1062
01:24:24,34 --> 01:24:27,06
a chapter in the book I write about this
I talk about the difference between

1063
01:24:27,07 --> 01:24:33,87
Bangladesh and Sacramento. Here I mean the
Bangladeshis basically they know very

1064
01:24:33,88 --> 01:24:38,32
well that climate change is making their
life very difficult and they want very

1065
01:24:38,33 --> 01:24:42,97
much to do something about it but they
don't have the money to do it here we have

1066
01:24:42,98 --> 01:24:48,48
all the money in the world. We're just not
quite convinced yet that this is what we

1067
01:24:48,49 --> 01:24:52,14
should be spending and on with with us
whether we prepare for climate change is

1068
01:24:52,15 --> 01:24:54,72
a matter of will and with them it's

1069
01:24:54,73 --> 01:24:58,86
a matter of capacity and so we've got to
to recognise that both these things have

1070
01:24:58,87 --> 01:25:04,82
to happen so that is part of the reason
that we need to to understand this what

1071
01:25:04,83 --> 01:25:10,60
we're locked into the other reason is that
it gets back to the point I was making

1072
01:25:10,61 --> 01:25:15,52
earlier that this really is now about the
survival of our civilisation climate

1073
01:25:15,53 --> 01:25:17,83
change it is not just
that there's going to be

1074
01:25:17,84 --> 01:25:24,58
a couple of unfortunate incidents that we're
now locked into some very unfortunate

1075
01:25:25,65 --> 01:25:31,17
what we have to prevent is the right
unfolding of the civilisation and what that

1076
01:25:31,18 --> 01:25:34,97
means is that we have to I think we have
to start by thinking differently about the

1077
01:25:34,98 --> 01:25:37,82
problem this this problem has undergone

1078
01:25:37,83 --> 01:25:41,22
a paradigm shift the climate problem in the
twenty years that I've covered climate

1079
01:25:41,23 --> 01:25:45,73
change it has shifted and essentially what
happened is that climate change arrived

1080
01:25:45,74 --> 01:25:51,16
one hundred years sooner than all of the
scientists expected. Quick definitional

1081
01:25:51,17 --> 01:25:56,42
terms here. You often hear global warming
and climate change used interchangeably.

1082
01:25:58,24 --> 01:26:01,92
I find it helpful for at least for people
who are non scientists and I am very

1083
01:26:01,93 --> 01:26:02,40
definitely

1084
01:26:02,41 --> 01:26:07,43
a non-scientist it's helpful to to think
of them separately and that essentially

1085
01:26:07,44 --> 01:26:11,68
global warming is what triggers climate
change and when Jim Hansen the NASA

1086
01:26:11,69 --> 01:26:16,03
scientist. Really put this issue on the map
in one thousand nine hundred eight when

1087
01:26:16,04 --> 01:26:21,20
he went to the Congress and he testified
that the global warming had begun now it

1088
01:26:21,21 --> 01:26:26,27
was about how that heat trapping gases
that carbon dioxide and so forth that

1089
01:26:26,85 --> 01:26:32,00
industrial civilization had released that
those heat trapping gases were going to

1090
01:26:32,04 --> 01:26:38,58
raise the temperature of the atmosphere
but even Jim Hansen did not say

1091
01:26:39,11 --> 01:26:45,54
that this will then lead to climate
change anytime soon the temperature

1092
01:26:45,69 --> 01:26:51,86
rise then was expected to lead to climate
change by the year twenty one hundred if

1093
01:26:51,87 --> 01:26:54,87
you looked at their scientific papers
that's what all the paper so well by twenty

1094
01:26:54,88 --> 01:27:00,57
one hundred we could see such and such kind
of decline in droughts and rainfall and

1095
01:27:00,58 --> 01:27:05,71
so forth they were all shocked that climate
change happen one hundred years sooner

1096
01:27:05,72 --> 01:27:09,70
than expected and that's because the Earth's
climate system turned out to be much

1097
01:27:09,71 --> 01:27:15,42
more sensitive to temperature rise than
any scientist believed so that global

1098
01:27:15,42 --> 01:27:20,13
warming even though it's only been about
zero point eight degrees centigrade over

1099
01:27:20,14 --> 01:27:26,66
the last hundred years. It's been enough
to trigger all the kinds of events that

1100
01:27:26,67 --> 01:27:31,66
you're reading about now in the press the
melting of the polar ice caps the what I

1101
01:27:31,67 --> 01:27:35,03
just mentioned about Bangladesh the sea
level rise here in the state of California

1102
01:27:35,04 --> 01:27:38,83
we are now locked into at least three feet
of sea level rise which our friends down

1103
01:27:38,84 --> 01:27:45,39
in the Bay Area who are working on this.
At the state's Bay Area Development Agency

1104
01:27:45,40 --> 01:27:46,12
I saw Guy give

1105
01:27:46,13 --> 01:27:50,97
a talk which I thought was impossible he
was actually funny about climate change

1106
01:27:51,30 --> 01:27:55,82
and him and what it's going to lead to and
he showed some so I'm going to show you

1107
01:27:55,83 --> 01:27:57,83
what three feet of sea level
rise looks like this is

1108
01:27:57,84 --> 01:28:03,41
a he was testifying for the Board of
Supervisors and he said OK this is what it

1109
01:28:03,42 --> 01:28:06,52
looks like and superimpose it on a
picture of the bay area that's kind of

1110
01:28:06,53 --> 01:28:08,42
a big picture let me show you a S.F.O.

1111
01:28:08,43 --> 01:28:12,94
Airport Here's what it looks like today
here's what it looks like after three feet

1112
01:28:12,95 --> 01:28:17,94
of sea level rise. All the runways are
under water and one to one leading to the

1113
01:28:17,95 --> 01:28:23,08
airport under water so this guy says Well
Travis he says so for those of us who

1114
01:28:23,09 --> 01:28:27,88
live in the barrier the solution to global
warming is actually quite simple fly

1115
01:28:27,92 --> 01:28:28,40
Oakland.

1116
01:28:34,90 --> 01:28:40,81
And everybody laugh just like you
did and then he said opes maybe not

1117
01:28:42,18 --> 01:28:48,13
and then he showed his Oakland airport today
and after three feet of sea level rise

1118
01:28:48,17 --> 01:28:54,20
in Oakland Airport also under water and
little place called Silicon Valley anybody

1119
01:28:54,22 --> 01:28:59,68
heard of that underwater three feet of sea
level rise and that is what we're locked

1120
01:28:59,69 --> 01:29:04,15
into right so that's what we have to
prepare for we have got to build sea walls

1121
01:29:04,16 --> 01:29:10,73
we've got to build barriers etc etc.
Here in the wealthy west as well

1122
01:29:11,14 --> 01:29:15,65
and so even though when you talk about
climate change and we in the media talk

1123
01:29:15,66 --> 01:29:19,58
about it ninety nine percent of the
conversation is about cutting emissions and

1124
01:29:19,59 --> 01:29:24,22
going solar and being green and that's
important no doubt more important than ever

1125
01:29:24,56 --> 01:29:28,69
but we have now got to recognize
that this problem has undergone

1126
01:29:28,70 --> 01:29:32,44
a paradigm shift and what was supposed to
not happen for one hundred years is now

1127
01:29:32,45 --> 01:29:38,75
locked in and so we must prepare against
that part as well it's not just about

1128
01:29:38,80 --> 01:29:43,62
reducing the emissions we have also got
to live through the impacts that are no

1129
01:29:43,63 --> 01:29:46,61
longer of voidable And
so the motto in a in

1130
01:29:46,62 --> 01:29:52,72
a phrase that I hear from my sources
around the world is we must avoid the

1131
01:29:52,73 --> 01:29:59,43
unmanageable and manage the
unavoidable we must avoid the

1132
01:29:59,44 --> 01:30:05,43
unmanageable which would be three four
degrees centigrade sea level rise.

1133
01:30:07,00 --> 01:30:12,97
That will mean the end of civilization we
will not be able to survive that. Right

1134
01:30:12,98 --> 01:30:17,10
now that the heads of the G eight countries
have formally committed to keep the

1135
01:30:17,11 --> 01:30:18,77
temperature rise to two degrees C.

1136
01:30:19,05 --> 01:30:19,85
That's not going to be

1137
01:30:19,86 --> 01:30:24,82
a walk in the park we're now at point eight
and look at what's happening already

1138
01:30:25,38 --> 01:30:25,100
two degrees C.

1139
01:30:26,01 --> 01:30:30,89
Is going to be serious but with that's
that's now what we're looking at at the same

1140
01:30:30,90 --> 01:30:34,78
time though so we want to avoid
anything above two degrees C.

1141
01:30:34,79 --> 01:30:40,10
Because that's really going to be
difficult to manage but two degree C.

1142
01:30:40,87 --> 01:30:44,37
Terms of managing the
unavoidable two degree C.

1143
01:30:44,38 --> 01:30:49,01
Is going to be plenty so we've got to deal
with both sides of this mitigation that

1144
01:30:49,02 --> 01:30:53,53
means to reduce the emissions and adaptation
to live with the impacts that are now

1145
01:30:53,54 --> 01:30:58,37
unavoidable that's what we're going to be
talking about in Copenhagen. Both sides

1146
01:30:58,38 --> 01:31:02,23
of that and particularly for the people
who are living in Bangladesh in the other

1147
01:31:02,24 --> 01:31:05,74
countries whose emissions are
essentially nothing they care

1148
01:31:05,75 --> 01:31:10,10
a lot about adaptation and say look we
didn't charge we didn't start this problem

1149
01:31:10,38 --> 01:31:16,66
you guys in the West did it and under
international law and the laws of common

1150
01:31:16,67 --> 01:31:22,33
decency you are required to pay us to do
that you know if you overflow your bath

1151
01:31:22,34 --> 01:31:24,99
tub in your neighbor downstairs has

1152
01:31:25,00 --> 01:31:29,90
a ruined. Apartment because of it it doesn't
matter that you didn't mean to do it

1153
01:31:30,00 --> 01:31:34,87
you still have to pay and that's kind of
the situation that we're in now with the

1154
01:31:35,63 --> 01:31:40,92
with the the developing countries so that's
one of the big issues at Copenhagen to

1155
01:31:40,93 --> 01:31:46,58
look for and I hope you'll. Listen
to me I'll be doing reporting for

1156
01:31:46,59 --> 01:31:47,58
a number of the N.P.R.

1157
01:31:47,59 --> 01:31:54,57
Shows marketplace and the world and
we'll be talking about that. So that is

1158
01:31:54,71 --> 01:32:01,70
again that is one of the real differences
between nuclear and. Climate is that we

1159
01:32:01,71 --> 01:32:04,56
are now locked in it's
too late for us to stop

1160
01:32:04,57 --> 01:32:09,32
a lot of this so we've got to deal with
what's now unavoidable and keep it from

1161
01:32:09,33 --> 01:32:14,60
being utterly catastrophic Doesn't that
sound like fun. Makes it hard to be

1162
01:32:14,61 --> 01:32:21,31
a dad at that point and yet as I
say there are real reasons for

1163
01:32:21,32 --> 01:32:25,15
hope I think and as I look around.

1164
01:32:28,25 --> 01:32:32,96
The what I see reasons for
hope is that we already are in

1165
01:32:32,97 --> 01:32:39,66
a way making the turn. Two thousand and
eight for the first time the world invested

1166
01:32:39,67 --> 01:32:46,51
more money in non-fossil fuel energy
sources than in oil coal gas nuclear

1167
01:32:46,61 --> 01:32:51,75
first time and that will never change back
because clearly everyone gets it now in

1168
01:32:51,76 --> 01:32:56,11
the financial world so that oil is only
going to get more expensive that there's

1169
01:32:56,12 --> 01:33:01,91
going to be carbon prices and I think
that has changed the question now is not

1170
01:33:01,92 --> 01:33:05,98
whether we can do this we know we can do
it we've begun to do it we know we have

1171
01:33:05,99 --> 01:33:12,43
most of the technologies in terms of energy
efficiency and solar and wind it's no

1172
01:33:12,44 --> 01:33:18,20
longer. I mean there's still some things
we need to to to do research on but we

1173
01:33:18,21 --> 01:33:20,60
know enough to start now and go

1174
01:33:20,61 --> 01:33:25,13
a very long ways with energy efficiency
alone could reduce our emissions by twenty

1175
01:33:25,14 --> 01:33:29,20
five percent in about six
months so it's not that it's

1176
01:33:29,21 --> 01:33:34,57
a question of are we going to have the
political will to do this and that's what

1177
01:33:34,58 --> 01:33:41,55
I'm going to close with is how we
create that political will and I

1178
01:33:41,56 --> 01:33:47,95
go back to to looking at. At
some of the examples of change

1179
01:33:48,77 --> 01:33:55,54
change does not happen because the people
in power suddenly wake up one day and say

1180
01:33:55,58 --> 01:34:01,92
oh you guys were right. Right you know we
shouldn't be fighting this war in Vietnam

1181
01:34:02,22 --> 01:34:08,47
or you're right we really shouldn't have
black people be second class citizens or

1182
01:34:08,82 --> 01:34:15,37
you're right we shouldn't have all these
nuclear weapons in danger in humanity

1183
01:34:15,54 --> 01:34:21,25
no no that that that does not help
positive works politics works because

1184
01:34:21,26 --> 01:34:28,15
politicians are made to understand
that if they don't do X. Y. Or Z.

1185
01:34:28,67 --> 01:34:35,29
Pass the Civil Rights Bill get out of
Vietnam stop nuclear power or in this state

1186
01:34:35,57 --> 01:34:38,04
you now cannot get elected
governor if you are not

1187
01:34:38,12 --> 01:34:41,78
a pretty strong environmentalist every
politician in this state understands that

1188
01:34:42,98 --> 01:34:46,95
and it's you know Arnold Schwarzenegger
being a Republican governor is

1189
01:34:46,96 --> 01:34:52,69
a very good example of that you cannot we
have as Californians we have changed the

1190
01:34:52,70 --> 01:34:58,06
political calculus of every politician that
privately they may hate the environment

1191
01:34:58,34 --> 01:35:01,89
but they know they can't say
that and stay in business as

1192
01:35:01,90 --> 01:35:08,74
a politician and that's the kind of
shift that we have to make for to

1193
01:35:08,75 --> 01:35:11,73
change what's going to happen in Copenhagen
can change what's going to happen on

1194
01:35:11,74 --> 01:35:16,96
Capitol Hill and that's what this
organization has done in the past and I hope

1195
01:35:16,97 --> 01:35:17,65
we'll be able to talk

1196
01:35:17,66 --> 01:35:21,20
a little bit in the question and answer
period about how to do that I'll just end

1197
01:35:21,21 --> 01:35:27,43
by mentioning one very particular thing
that you can do. This three fifty or.

1198
01:35:28,60 --> 01:35:33,80
Organization that refers to what my
colleague Bill McKibben calls the most

1199
01:35:33,81 --> 01:35:36,94
important number on the planet which is
three hundred fifty parts per million

1200
01:35:36,95 --> 01:35:42,28
that's how many how much
carbon dioxide is supposedly.

1201
01:35:44,43 --> 01:35:48,95
That's the maximum that we can allow in the
atmosphere if our civilization is going

1202
01:35:48,96 --> 01:35:53,04
to be able to survive unfortunately we're
now at three ninety we're going to have

1203
01:35:53,05 --> 01:35:59,28
to dial back to that and that's what activists
around the world are pressing for at

1204
01:35:59,29 --> 01:36:02,99
Copenhagen in ten weeks and one of the
ways they're pressing is by having

1205
01:36:03,27 --> 01:36:07,83
a worldwide day of demonstrations my
favorite so far there will be things all

1206
01:36:07,84 --> 01:36:11,30
around the world with my favorite and
I can guarantee you we're going to be

1207
01:36:11,31 --> 01:36:14,32
covering this in the meat we already have
covered this in the media my colleagues

1208
01:36:14,33 --> 01:36:16,12
at the B.B.C. Put up

1209
01:36:16,13 --> 01:36:21,27
a great story the other day with the
government of melodies people who know where

1210
01:36:21,28 --> 01:36:25,26
maladies is you know it's very low line
set of gorgeous islands out there in the

1211
01:36:25,27 --> 01:36:30,98
Indian Ocean they are. I'm sorry to say
completely doomed because of sea level rise

1212
01:36:30,99 --> 01:36:34,58
the fact that you know sea levels are going
to keep rising but they're trying to

1213
01:36:34,59 --> 01:36:34,75
make

1214
01:36:34,76 --> 01:36:41,27
a point here and they are going to hold the
first ever session of parliament underwater

1215
01:36:41,27 --> 01:36:45,66
. And we've seen already the pictures they've
got their little tanks and everything

1216
01:36:46,37 --> 01:36:51,34
so we're trying to get the point across
to politicians that you have got to go

1217
01:36:51,35 --> 01:36:57,90
beyond politics as usual and compromise
compromise has its place in politics and in

1218
01:36:57,91 --> 01:37:02,50
international negotiations but the climate
does not compromise the laws of physics

1219
01:37:02,51 --> 01:37:08,33
and chemistry do not care how hard it may
be for us to reduce these emissions and

1220
01:37:08,34 --> 01:37:14,95
so we have got to to really go beyond that
and to launch what what to number of my

1221
01:37:14,96 --> 01:37:15,83
sources call

1222
01:37:16,06 --> 01:37:20,58
a green Apollo project John shell and
who are the top climate advisor to the

1223
01:37:20,59 --> 01:37:25,42
government of Germany has
proposed this recently we need

1224
01:37:25,43 --> 01:37:29,96
a green Apollo project just like
Kennedy challenged us ten years put

1225
01:37:29,97 --> 01:37:34,77
a man on the moon now ten
years we have got to get on

1226
01:37:34,78 --> 01:37:41,33
a trajectory off of carbon off of fossil
fuels off of industrial agriculture off of

1227
01:37:41,34 --> 01:37:45,24
deforestation and all the things that are
driving climate change we can do this

1228
01:37:45,100 --> 01:37:50,16
it's not a question of the technologies
we have most of the technologies it is

1229
01:37:50,17 --> 01:37:55,81
a question of government policies I think
the public is ready for this many parts

1230
01:37:55,82 --> 01:37:58,26
of the business community are
ready for this it's just

1231
01:37:58,27 --> 01:38:04,32
a question of making that push
and. I close by saying nobody

1232
01:38:06,18 --> 01:38:11,18
is trusted more by the average person than
those of you who work in health care I

1233
01:38:11,19 --> 01:38:16,55
lost my father not long ago and the nurses
who took care of him in his final days

1234
01:38:16,56 --> 01:38:23,28
are as close to angels as I will ever
meet. The side of the grave and we

1235
01:38:23,29 --> 01:38:28,11
remember that we remember what you do for
our families when you speak out we trust

1236
01:38:28,12 --> 01:38:32,85
you so please speak out. Thank you.

1237
01:38:39,48 --> 01:38:43,35
For your comments and extra
credit for anybody who has

1238
01:38:43,36 --> 01:38:45,40
a criticism OK I'm going to read

1239
01:38:45,41 --> 01:38:50,33
a few about those seven hundred campuses
pledging to become carbon neutral does

1240
01:38:50,34 --> 01:38:55,13
that mean they use alternative power
alternative building material or carbon

1241
01:38:55,14 --> 01:38:57,81
credits or carbon offsets usually means

1242
01:38:57,82 --> 01:39:03,09
a combination of all those things. One
that was not mentioned but is by far the

1243
01:39:03,10 --> 01:39:08,64
most important is energy efficiency that
is the first step in the move away from

1244
01:39:08,65 --> 01:39:14,48
carbon partly because it is so powerful
but also because it is so profitable

1245
01:39:15,87 --> 01:39:22,11
that sounds maybe odd but there is so
much waste built into the energy system

1246
01:39:22,87 --> 01:39:28,85
that by far the quickest way to get extra
energy produced is not to need so much of

1247
01:39:28,86 --> 01:39:30,41
it in the first place I give

1248
01:39:30,42 --> 01:39:36,39
a quick piece of data because it shows
that corporate America gets this they are

1249
01:39:36,40 --> 01:39:40,51
making millions of dollars
doing this already and it is

1250
01:39:40,55 --> 01:39:44,68
a crying shame that the public sector is
still leaving this money on the table for

1251
01:39:44,69 --> 01:39:47,75
the most part of a company called B.P.

1252
01:39:47,92 --> 01:39:51,55
In one nine hundred ninety nine ten years
ago with technologies of ten years ago

1253
01:39:52,75 --> 01:39:58,28
they decided OK we are going to invest in
energy efficiency throughout our global

1254
01:39:58,30 --> 01:40:03,07
operations and what that means is changing
out these horrid old lights putting

1255
01:40:03,09 --> 01:40:04,57
insulation in maybe getting

1256
01:40:05,02 --> 01:40:09,75
a more efficient motor or better appliances
making sure that the lights get turned

1257
01:40:09,75 --> 01:40:14,28
off when everybody leaves for the weekend
very simple stuff they invested twenty

1258
01:40:14,30 --> 01:40:20,13
million dollars in these kinds of activities
in their offices refineries etc around

1259
01:40:20,14 --> 01:40:25,67
the world three years later they checked
how much money had they saved. Six hundred

1260
01:40:25,68 --> 01:40:31,02
fifty million dollars twenty million
invested six hundred fifty million saved

1261
01:40:31,31 --> 01:40:37,46
thirty two times more money the mafia doesn't
get that kind of return on investment

1262
01:40:37,70 --> 01:40:43,35
you know that's that's serious kinds of
money and corporations are doing that and

1263
01:40:44,15 --> 01:40:49,06
public agencies need to start doing that
so that the public purse can get those

1264
01:40:49,07 --> 01:40:55,53
monies and then you use that to take the
next step of developing and deploying

1265
01:40:55,54 --> 01:41:00,28
solar and all of these other technologies
and the carbon offsets that's all part of

1266
01:41:00,29 --> 01:41:06,49
it but energy efficiency is by far the
most important first step OK What is the

1267
01:41:06,50 --> 01:41:10,78
status of Congressional bills regarding
climate change and how can we help

1268
01:41:10,79 --> 01:41:15,20
encourage they're passing the main bill now
on Capitol Hill is called Waxman Markey

1269
01:41:15,28 --> 01:41:20,41
it is very weak it is which is a
shame because both Waxman a Markey

1270
01:41:20,42 --> 01:41:27,12
a very. Long time ardent defenders of the
environment but it goes to show that

1271
01:41:27,14 --> 01:41:32,56
there is still not the kind of public
pressure on Washington that is required to

1272
01:41:32,57 --> 01:41:38,52
really get strong climate legislation.
WAXMAN And Markey felt that in order to get

1273
01:41:38,53 --> 01:41:43,43
this bill passed through the Congress they
needed to horse trade to get the support

1274
01:41:43,45 --> 01:41:49,34
especially of Democrats who represent coal
and oil and heavy manufacturing states

1275
01:41:50,31 --> 01:41:54,27
because they knew of course that no Republican
would vote for it and as it was even

1276
01:41:54,28 --> 01:41:59,11
with all the weaknesses of that bill. It
only passed the House by eight votes it's

1277
01:41:59,12 --> 01:42:03,90
not at all clear that it will pass the
Senate the one other thing I'll say about

1278
01:42:03,91 --> 01:42:07,36
that is that some people especially
international people say that it would actually

1279
01:42:07,37 --> 01:42:13,79
be better. For Waxman Markey not to pass
before Copenhagen precisely because it's

1280
01:42:13,80 --> 01:42:20,73
so weak and that then at Copenhagen
if other countries continue to say

1281
01:42:20,74 --> 01:42:23,73
what they've been saying which is the
Europeans and the Japanese and even the

1282
01:42:23,74 --> 01:42:27,83
Chinese saying you know we're going to
cut twenty to thirty percent that then

1283
01:42:29,22 --> 01:42:33,81
Barack Obama comes home and says look we've
got to raise our game because this is

1284
01:42:33,82 --> 01:42:38,01
what the rest of the world is doing I'm not
sure that's how it would work out I'll

1285
01:42:38,08 --> 01:42:42,95
fall I'll see that on the ground but it I
think it is very interesting that all of

1286
01:42:42,96 --> 01:42:47,55
the environmental groups who held their
noses and supported Waxman Markey back in

1287
01:42:47,56 --> 01:42:52,03
the spring in the summer when people like
Greenpeace and friends of the earth and

1288
01:42:52,26 --> 01:42:55,19
to be honest Mark Hertsgaard
were writing this is

1289
01:42:55,20 --> 01:42:57,80
a very bad bill what did you
hear back they didn't say it was

1290
01:42:57,81 --> 01:42:59,86
a good bill they knew it wasn't

1291
01:42:59,87 --> 01:43:05,33
a good bill but they said well we can't
send Obama to Copenhagen naked where you

1292
01:43:05,34 --> 01:43:10,02
have to pass something
well they needed a plan B.

1293
01:43:10,02 --> 01:43:15,26
Because he's probably going to go there
without this and that may not be such

1294
01:43:15,26 --> 01:43:16,80
a bad thing may not be such

1295
01:43:16,80 --> 01:43:22,07
a bet then we'll see how well the elimination
of air travel impact the environment

1296
01:43:22,47 --> 01:43:27,03
slash Climate Change who is the brave soul
who asked that question God bless you

1297
01:43:27,04 --> 01:43:33,56
madam there is nothing that. We as individual
citizens can do that is more climate

1298
01:43:33,57 --> 01:43:38,21
destructive than to take an airplane flight
I'm very sorry to tell you that those

1299
01:43:38,22 --> 01:43:44,86
of you who like to fly I fly a lot
myself for my work. But be for

1300
01:43:44,87 --> 01:43:48,35
a number of different physical reasons
partly it's the fuel but partly it's also

1301
01:43:48,36 --> 01:43:53,63
where in the atmosphere a lot of
that fuel is dissipated if you fly

1302
01:43:53,64 --> 01:44:00,31
a plane one round trip flight
London to New York you. Emit

1303
01:44:00,62 --> 01:44:06,29
even if you're just one passenger among two
hundred fifty your share. Is about the

1304
01:44:06,30 --> 01:44:13,19
equivalent of driving three S.U.V.s for
the entire year. We have absolutely got

1305
01:44:13,20 --> 01:44:16,39
to fly less in the short term and hope for

1306
01:44:16,40 --> 01:44:20,77
a major technological breakthrough in the
long term in terms of fueling airplanes

1307
01:44:20,81 --> 01:44:27,73
it is. In Britain for example they are
now the government is saying that if.

1308
01:44:28,78 --> 01:44:34,77
Air travel continues to increase over the
coming years it will undo all of the

1309
01:44:34,78 --> 01:44:39,01
other. Emissions reductions throughout the
entire rest of the economy that's how

1310
01:44:39,02 --> 01:44:45,45
big flying is if you have to fly and some
of us do have to fly please don't fall

1311
01:44:45,46 --> 01:44:51,85
for this nonsense about carbon offsets
that you can buy an offset Ford where you

1312
01:44:51,86 --> 01:44:52,60
basically pay

1313
01:44:52,61 --> 01:44:57,29
a little bit extra money and the idea of
offsets is that you pay some extra money

1314
01:44:57,30 --> 01:45:00,50
in and sort of in penance for having

1315
01:45:01,39 --> 01:45:07,13
a minute all these emissions and with that
extra money somebody is going to put up

1316
01:45:07,14 --> 01:45:11,27
a solar plant in China or they're going to
plant some trees in coastal Rica that is

1317
01:45:11,28 --> 01:45:16,90
going to offset those emissions
it's a nice idea. It's

1318
01:45:16,91 --> 01:45:22,66
a little bit like the middle evil medieval
notion of indulgences I think but it's

1319
01:45:22,67 --> 01:45:27,53
not entirely bad except that most of those
offsets are not verifiable You never

1320
01:45:27,54 --> 01:45:34,30
know if it actually happened so what I
urge instead of offsets is retire those

1321
01:45:34,44 --> 01:45:36,46
carbon credits in the
way you do that there's

1322
01:45:36,47 --> 01:45:41,72
a company that you can and anybody can email
me afterwards. Young men who came out

1323
01:45:41,72 --> 01:45:42,97
of college and started

1324
01:45:42,99 --> 01:45:47,35
a nonprofit company that will basically
instead of offsetting that you still pay

1325
01:45:47,36 --> 01:45:53,65
them for my recent flight to London I paid
an extra fifty bucks and they then use

1326
01:45:53,67 --> 01:45:57,24
that fifty bucks and they go into the carbon
market of the European Union and they

1327
01:45:57,25 --> 01:46:03,36
buy emissions rights but instead of trading
them afterwards they retire them. They

1328
01:46:03,37 --> 01:46:08,67
take them off the market so in effect you
have reduced the amount of emissions that

1329
01:46:08,68 --> 01:46:14,97
are allowable to big polluters if you
must fly please do that if you absolutely

1330
01:46:14,98 --> 01:46:20,50
don't have to fly please find another way
to get there or not go at all that the

1331
01:46:20,51 --> 01:46:27,20
new line I just heard in London last
week is fly last holiday more is that

1332
01:46:27,21 --> 01:46:33,47
realistic anticipation of technological
remedies such as carbon sequestration this

1333
01:46:33,48 --> 01:46:33,63
is

1334
01:46:33,64 --> 01:46:39,45
a. Some of my environmental friends will
probably not like what I say in the book about

1335
01:46:39,46 --> 01:46:46,20
these things I certainly hope there
are I think that it's unclear whether

1336
01:46:46,77 --> 01:46:51,08
carbon sequestration will work carbon
sequestration for those of you who don't know

1337
01:46:51,33 --> 01:46:51,55
is

1338
01:46:51,56 --> 01:46:58,35
a way that will allow us to continue to burn
coal but you capture that carbon dioxide

1339
01:46:58,36 --> 01:47:02,13
before it's released into the atmosphere
you capture it and then you store it

1340
01:47:02,14 --> 01:47:06,96
someplace else underground or under the
ocean or or some other place that is hugely

1341
01:47:06,97 --> 01:47:10,96
controversial and for good reason we don't
know whether we can do this we certainly

1342
01:47:10,97 --> 01:47:17,16
don't know whether we can do it at the
scale that will be required if China and

1343
01:47:17,20 --> 01:47:22,46
India and in those two countries in
particular if they continue to use coal and

1344
01:47:22,50 --> 01:47:27,19
eighty percent of China's energy is coal
based very hard to tell them not to use

1345
01:47:27,20 --> 01:47:33,68
coal and that's why. God help me I hope
that carbon capture and sequestration

1346
01:47:33,89 --> 01:47:40,20
can be made to work because otherwise I
don't understand how you get the Chinese

1347
01:47:40,21 --> 01:47:45,30
and the Indians at the table and I say
the same thing about some of the geo

1348
01:47:45,31 --> 01:47:50,73
engineering ideas that you may have heard
about where not just about reducing

1349
01:47:50,74 --> 01:47:55,19
emissions but actually extracting carbon
that's already up there in the atmosphere

1350
01:47:55,27 --> 01:47:59,65
or something some of the really far out
ideas is let's put some mirrors up in space

1351
01:48:00,04 --> 01:48:04,56
to deflect some of the heat some of the
light coming from the sun or let's put

1352
01:48:04,57 --> 01:48:10,51
sulphur all. What's the
stuff that comes out one.

1353
01:48:12,40 --> 01:48:18,01
Burst up sulfates up into the year. That
that's another way that we could lower

1354
01:48:18,02 --> 01:48:24,33
temperatures those things I think are
dangerous but there are other ways of doing

1355
01:48:24,34 --> 01:48:30,05
geo engineering the most benign that I've
heard of that seems to be plausible is

1356
01:48:30,06 --> 01:48:35,41
coal is basically asked do with shooting
droplets up into the sky and whitening the

1357
01:48:35,42 --> 01:48:40,05
clouds the great advantage of that is that
if it turns out we find out that that

1358
01:48:40,06 --> 01:48:45,38
has unintended negative side effects we can
stop doing it if you put mirrors up in

1359
01:48:45,39 --> 01:48:49,73
space and you get the trajectories wrong
you're not going to be able to call them

1360
01:48:49,74 --> 01:48:54,69
back so those kinds of things.
Maybe if I didn't have

1361
01:48:54,70 --> 01:48:59,74
a four year old I would take the purist
position on that but you know at this point

1362
01:49:00,94 --> 01:49:07,68
I. You know I would give my life to see
my daughter safe on the other side of

1363
01:49:07,69 --> 01:49:13,43
this I'm not going to let some ideological
preference that I might have get in the

1364
01:49:13,44 --> 01:49:14,99
way of this this is we're now at

1365
01:49:14,100 --> 01:49:20,63
a place on climate change is very much
like Iraq war four or five years ago that

1366
01:49:20,67 --> 01:49:24,13
there are no good choices anymore it's
not a question of all it's this is

1367
01:49:24,14 --> 01:49:28,16
a better choice and that our choices now
because we've gone so far down the wrong

1368
01:49:28,17 --> 01:49:34,78
road it's bad worse and catastrophic.
So I don't want catastrophic so I will

1369
01:49:34,82 --> 01:49:40,23
reluctantly accept bad or perhaps
even worse if I have to.

1370
01:49:41,41 --> 01:49:46,13
And I trust Steven Chu who is our colleague
from California and in Department of

1371
01:49:46,14 --> 01:49:49,63
Energy he's looking into these things I
think we do have to look into those things

1372
01:49:50,31 --> 01:49:54,01
but in the meantime we can do a heck of

1373
01:49:54,02 --> 01:49:59,05
a lot with energy efficiency and all of
these other the green Apollo project which

1374
01:49:59,35 --> 01:50:06,27
is is going to make us money by the way if
we were to invest in these kinds of and

1375
01:50:06,28 --> 01:50:09,00
Obama showed us with his
economic stimulus package

1376
01:50:09,01 --> 01:50:11,95
a lot of green stuff
in there and that puts

1377
01:50:11,96 --> 01:50:14,14
a lot more people to work than building

1378
01:50:14,15 --> 01:50:18,45
a nuclear power plant if you insulate
homes and bring your Kaukonen all of that

1379
01:50:18,46 --> 01:50:24,08
sort of thing we could actually create
economic stimulus out of fighting climate

1380
01:50:24,09 --> 01:50:28,21
change and I think that's where we really
need to start and I would you know put R.

1381
01:50:28,22 --> 01:50:28,58
And D.

1382
01:50:28,59 --> 01:50:33,41
Into these other things but that's down
the road let's let's let's turn the turn

1383
01:50:33,42 --> 01:50:38,100
the ocean liner first OK here's our final
question Would it help to plan lots of

1384
01:50:39,01 --> 01:50:45,04
trees all over the world I read these
various that's that's my favorite who asked

1385
01:50:45,05 --> 01:50:49,43
that one. Of the less you I just did

1386
01:50:49,44 --> 01:50:53,24
a story that you will find in The Nation
magazine and some of you may have heard it

1387
01:50:53,25 --> 01:50:59,71
on. Public Radio last month the
radio version. On the world

1388
01:50:59,72 --> 01:51:04,62
broadcast about trees trees are our secret
weapon I'm sorry I didn't mention until

1389
01:51:04,63 --> 01:51:11,21
now to bring it up there are secret weapon
against climate change. I mentioned that

1390
01:51:11,25 --> 01:51:15,92
sort of the Hail Mary approach to this is
to remove carbon that's already up in the

1391
01:51:15,93 --> 01:51:19,45
atmosphere what we're going to talk about
in Copenhagen is emissions reductions

1392
01:51:19,49 --> 01:51:23,74
what does that mean I mean putting less up
there we've already got more than enough

1393
01:51:23,75 --> 01:51:27,36
up there to create problems so really
what we need to do if we're going to be

1394
01:51:27,77 --> 01:51:32,07
practical and radical is to be radical
if we've got to take the stuff that's

1395
01:51:32,11 --> 01:51:36,06
already up there we've got to get that
well what does that naturally already

1396
01:51:37,05 --> 01:51:42,24
photosynthesis does that and
we need to expand that at

1397
01:51:42,28 --> 01:51:44,52
a massive scale and trees are

1398
01:51:44,53 --> 01:51:50,90
a way to do that. The only. Planting
trees is one way to do that

1399
01:51:51,73 --> 01:51:56,56
but it's not the only way to do it and the
single most hopeful story I came across

1400
01:51:56,57 --> 01:52:00,60
in four years of reporting this book on
how we live through climate change took

1401
01:52:00,62 --> 01:52:06,22
place is taking place right now in western
Africa involves trees and they're not

1402
01:52:06,23 --> 01:52:12,80
planting them they are growing they are
growing them in the midst of their crops

1403
01:52:13,14 --> 01:52:18,47
in the midst of the millet sorghum these
are the poorest farmers on the planet and

1404
01:52:18,48 --> 01:52:22,43
they are growing trees the trees are
sprouting up naturally because they're using

1405
01:52:22,69 --> 01:52:27,94
you know they certainly practice organic
agriculture there and they use manure and

1406
01:52:27,95 --> 01:52:32,13
the manure has seeds in it and so those
seeds are sprouting up little baby trees

1407
01:52:32,36 --> 01:52:37,37
and those trees are coming up and in any
other agricultural system in the world

1408
01:52:37,38 --> 01:52:40,74
they hack those trees down certainly the
industrial one so that you can put the

1409
01:52:40,75 --> 01:52:45,47
tractor over well these people don't farm
with tractors and so they leave those

1410
01:52:45,48 --> 01:52:51,48
trees there. And this is in the Western
Sahara all those of you who are not so

1411
01:52:51,49 --> 01:52:54,76
familiar with Africa there's the Sahara
Desert up at the top and then there's

1412
01:52:54,77 --> 01:53:00,26
a little belt right below the Sahara of
Savannah called the Sahara and it goes from

1413
01:53:00,30 --> 01:53:06,79
Kenya in the east all the way across
to Burkina Faso in Mali and and Ghana

1414
01:53:06,80 --> 01:53:12,54
and Senegal in the West and this
is where this is happening this is

1415
01:53:12,55 --> 01:53:19,17
a story I went to to to do and it is
happening at an organic local level

1416
01:53:19,18 --> 01:53:25,72
farmer to farmer village to village
and it is spreading across hundreds

1417
01:53:25,92 --> 01:53:31,49
hundreds of villages it is so pervasive
now that you can see it from outer space

1418
01:53:33,06 --> 01:53:37,42
the U.S. Geological Survey we have
these pictures up on the the P.R.I.

1419
01:53:37,43 --> 01:53:41,44
Public Radio International website the
world if you're interested you can go up

1420
01:53:41,45 --> 01:53:48,30
there and see these pictures you can see
the border between Nigeria and Niger. And

1421
01:53:48,31 --> 01:53:53,05
Nigeria's to the south Niger is to the
north in Nigeria they are not practicing

1422
01:53:53,06 --> 01:53:58,43
this kind of tree. Tree mixing
agriculture and so they have

1423
01:53:58,44 --> 01:54:05,15
a desert and in Niger in the South pretty
much everybody is practicing it and that

1424
01:54:05,16 --> 01:54:09,55
greenery is so pervasive that you can
see it from pictures that the U.S.

1425
01:54:09,56 --> 01:54:14,41
Geological Survey has taken and I went
couple months ago to see if this is

1426
01:54:14,41 --> 01:54:19,12
spreading as well and neighboring states
of Burkean of Faso and Mali and it is

1427
01:54:19,13 --> 01:54:24,50
spreading like wildfire because what happens
when you let those trees grow is that

1428
01:54:24,50 --> 01:54:30,73
. They are doubling and tripling the of
their food and why is that because the

1429
01:54:30,74 --> 01:54:35,45
trees are providing shade against the
horrible heat and most important of all their

1430
01:54:35,46 --> 01:54:42,15
root systems are enabling what little
rainfall falls to be captured by the soil.

1431
01:54:43,10 --> 01:54:48,97
And the water tables which were depleting
rapidly during the Seventies and Eighties

1432
01:54:48,98 --> 01:54:54,07
when they had those terrible droughts that
were killing millions of people. Those

1433
01:54:54,35 --> 01:54:59,58
water tables have now some in some cases
they have risen fifteen metres fifty feet

1434
01:55:00,46 --> 01:55:05,04
because of this kind of tree growing not
planting No why are they planting them

1435
01:55:05,17 --> 01:55:10,41
because they're too poor they're too poor
if you are really poor farmer you do not

1436
01:55:10,42 --> 01:55:12,30
have the money to go risk it on

1437
01:55:12,31 --> 01:55:18,65
a tree that is in most cases going to die
whereas if you grow and nurture the trees

1438
01:55:18,66 --> 01:55:22,63
that grow out of your land those tend to
be native species there hardier they're

1439
01:55:22,65 --> 01:55:29,49
more appropriate and they survive and
you get soil fertility you get water

1440
01:55:29,77 --> 01:55:35,77
all of these things so trees are as and
and of course the trees are also taking

1441
01:55:35,77 --> 01:55:39,93
carbon out of the air so they are when I
said earlier about Avoid and manage we

1442
01:55:39,93 --> 01:55:43,61
want to avoid the unmanageable and manage
unavoidable there is nothing better to do

1443
01:55:43,75 --> 01:55:48,45
than to grow trees because they help reduce
the amount of carbon in the atmosphere

1444
01:55:48,63 --> 01:55:53,26
so that we're going to help avoid the
unmanageable and they also help manage the an

1445
01:55:53,28 --> 01:55:59,44
avoidable temperature rise in the drought
in western Sal are not going to kill kids

1446
01:55:59,46 --> 01:56:04,69
in those villages at least not yet because
of the trees that the farmers are now

1447
01:56:04,71 --> 01:56:11,65
growing in their fields it's an
absolutely wonderful heart. Rending and

1448
01:56:11,67 --> 01:56:16,100
very very encouraging story the people who
do not who are illiterate these farmers

1449
01:56:17,01 --> 01:56:21,74
are illiterate they do not know the term
climate change but they have been adapting

1450
01:56:21,75 --> 01:56:27,13
to it successfully and deliberately for
thirty years and it teaches you that.

1451
01:56:29,70 --> 01:56:29,90
From.

1452
01:58:15,91 --> 01:58:17,76
Independent media is the hope.